清代书院“课试”的现代启示

摘要

书院是科举时代的高等教育机构，“课试”是书院主要教学方式之一。清代书院的“课试”分为“官课”和“师课”。“官课”由官员主持，是书院官学化的表现，是书院办学质量的外部衡鉴手段；“师课”由书院教师主持，是书院教学质量的过程化评价方式。清代书院“课试”在教学目标、过程评价、学业标准等方面对现代大学有重要启示。%　　“Test”is one of the main teaching methods of Academy, which can be regarded as the institution of higher education in the era of imperial examinations. The Test of Academy in Qing Dynasty falls into two sorts:“Official Test”and“Teacher Test.”“Official Test”, held by officials, is the external measure of Academy’s quality. And“Teacher Test”, held by teachers in Academy, is the process evaluation method of the teaching quality. For modern colleges, the Test of Academy in Qing Dynasty gives great enlightenment on teaching target, process evaluation and academic standard.