室外 PM 2.5可以通过建筑外窗缝隙通风进入室内，对室内环境造成污染.穿透系数、沉积率和通风换气次数是评价受室外细颗粒物渗入影响室内人群细颗粒物暴露量的重要参数.目前这些参数大多通过实验室实测或理论推导方法获得.本文结合质量守恒定律、数理统计方法和控制变量法，提出了一种基于大量室内外 PM 2.5质量浓度实时监测数据的穿透系数 P、沉积率 k 和缝隙通风换气次数 a 推算模型，该模型的求解结果具有一般性；依据所提方法推算得到了2个实测办公建筑的穿透系数 P 和沉降率 k 分别为0.97和0.12、0.97和0.24.研究结果为建筑外窗缝隙渗透特性、室外 PM 2.5对室内环境影响预测、以及室内人员 PM 2.5暴露量定量分析提供了新的方法参考.%Outdoor Fine Particular Matter (PM2.5) can enter the room through both ventilation and infiltration, and this will make indoor air polluted. Penetration factor (P), deposition loss rate (k) and air exchange rate (a) are important parameters that can be used to evaluate the degree of indoor air pollution caused by PM2.5. Currently, these parameters were mostly derived from either laboratory experiment or theoretical deduction. According to the law of conservation of mass, statistical method and control variable method, a new model estimating the above three parameters was developed in this study, based on a big number of field monitored data, and the model can be used for a variety of applications. The model has been used to calculate the penetration factor and deposition loss rate at two case study office buildings and the prediction gave 0.97 (P) and 0.12 (k), and, 0.97 (P) and 0.24 (k), respectively. This model can be considered as a new method for studying the penetration characteristics of external windows, the correlation between outdoor and indoor PM2.5 pollutions, and the quantification of indoor concentration of PM2.5.
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