德系西门塔尔牛对本地西门塔尔杂交牛的改良效果

摘要

In order to research the effect of Fleckvieh improving the local simmental crossbred cattle(LSC) through hybridization and provide basis data for local cattle production in central agricultural area. This study select 500 LSC in Shangqiu area, east of Henna province, to hybrid with Fleckvieh using frozen semen by artiifcial insemination. A series of indexes on growth performance, slaughter performance, milk yield and milk composition for filial generations (first generation, F1; second generation, F2) were tested and collected and used to analyze. The results showed that the birth body weight for F2 were signiifcantly higher than LSC, there is no remarkable difference between F1 and LSC or F1 and F2. The growth rate for F1 and F2 at different stages were higher than LSC. The slaughter performance, such as carcass weight (P<0.05), dressing percentage, net meat rate (P<0.05), marbling grade of F1 and F2 were higher than that of LSC cattle. Milk production performance, such as actual milk production, 305d corrected milk production and 4%standard milk production for F2 is signally higher than F1 and LSC (P<0.05), and F1 is markedly higher than F1 and LSC (P<0.05). For milk composition, although milk fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage as well as total solids percentage (TS) of F1 and F2 were reduced in some degree, they are still at high levels compare with Holstein cow. This study concluded that Fleckvieh cattle could improve growth performance, slaughter performance and milk performance on the offspring of hybridization. It can increase the LSC economic efifciency by changing the production form from single type to double type.%为研究德系西门塔尔牛在中原农区改良本地西门塔尔杂交牛的杂交效果，为养牛业生产提供科学理论依据。本研究选择500头商丘本地西杂牛为母本，以德系西门塔尔牛(Fleckvieh)为父本，采用人工授精的方法进行杂交改良。测定杂交一代(F1)和二代(F2)各阶段的生长性能、屠宰性能、产奶性能、乳成分等各项指标。结果表明，杂交后代初生时的各项生长性能指标与西杂牛无明显差异，随着年龄的增长，杂交后代的体尺、体重在一定程度上超过西杂牛；F1和F2代公牛的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率均不同程度高于LSC牛，牛肉的品级提高；产奶量显著增加(P<0.05)，乳品质较高。说明以德系西门塔尔牛为父本改良本地西杂牛不仅可以提高杂交后代的生长性能、屠宰性能，还可以显著改善其泌乳性能，使杂交后代由单一的肉用型转变为乳肉兼用型，提高肉牛养殖的经济效益。