以不同树木的修剪枝条、果核为原料,在变温程序下制备了24种活性木炭.对各种木炭的得率、pH值、吸附值和吸水保水性能进行了测定,并分析了木炭制备过程中不同温度区间产生的热解液的抑菌效果.结果表明,雪松得率最高(29.8％),多数供试材料得率在10 ％～15％之间,杜仲的亚甲基蓝吸附值最高(192.0 mg/g),桃核pH值最低(7.94),接骨木pH值最高(10.00).45～50℃加热3h后油松保水量最高为每克炭含水0.78 g.研究表明,随炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值升高,得率有下降趋势,吸水保水量有上升趋势.部分同科或同属植物制得木炭的吸附值和pH值差异较小.抑菌实验表明,每种植物材料热解液都有抑菌效果,且400～600℃附近所取热解液抑菌效果较好.较对照链霉素(10 mg/L),热解液抑菌效果不持久.%Twenty four kinds of activated biocharcoal from different trimmed trees were prepared under hetero-thermal program.The yield,pH,ethylene blue adsorptive value (ab.EBAV),water absorption and water retention capacity were measured.Testments of antimicrobial effect of pyrolysated frozen liquid were conducted by controlling streptomycin.It was found that the hightest yield rate of biochar was from Cedar (29.8％),and the other starting materials gave almost the same yield from 10％ to 15％.The activated biochar made from Eucommia ulmoides performed the highest ethylene blue discoloring ability (192.0mg/g).The lowest and the highest pH biochar was represented from Prunus pit (7.94) and Elder (10.00),respectively.The pH of all biochars was higher than 7.0.The biochar from Chinese pine had the best water retention capacity after heating for 3 hours at 45-50 ℃.It can reserve 0.78 g water by each gram of biochar.It was also found that with the EBAV increased,the yield biochar decreased at the same time,whereas,the capacities of water absorption and water retention increased.However,several kinds of biochars from the same families or genuses tree show a little difference in adsorption value and pH.The antimicrobial experiments using streptomycin indicated all pyrolysates have antimicrobial activity,which gives better performance from the pyrolytic product at 400-600 ℃.However,the antimicrobial activity from the samples showed less durability compared with the effect of streptomycin (10 mg/L).
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