葡萄糖催化脱水制取5-羟甲基糠醛研究进展

摘要

5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）是重要的平台化合物,是制取生物液体燃料和其它许多重要精细化工品的前体。以木质纤维素为原料,通过水解得到葡萄糖,葡萄糖继续脱水可以得到5-羟甲基糠醛。本文对近年来利用葡萄糖制取5-羟甲基糠醛的研究进行了综述,重点阐述了葡萄糖脱水制取5-羟甲基糠醛过程的反应机理、反应体系和催化剂,反应体系包括离子液体、极性非质子有机溶剂、双相反应体系;催化剂包括无机酸、金属盐、固体酸和碱。指出未来可能取得突破的研究重点在于：研制高效的催化剂、萃取剂,开发高效的分离纯化技术。%5-hydroxymethylfurfural（HMF）is a key intermediate for renewable fuels and fine chemicals,which can be synthesized from glucose,a typical hydrolysis product of lignocellulose.This review summarized the progress of dehydration of glucose to prepare 5-HMF,including formation mechanisms,reaction systems and catalysts.The reaction systems include ionic liquid,polar aprotic organic solvent and water contained biphasic solvent;catalysts include inorganic acid,salt,solid acid and alkali.The possible breakthrough in research was proposed to develop efficient catalysts,extraction agent,and efficient separation and purification technology.