基于偶氮苯的超分子凝胶材料的研究进展

摘要

Stimulus-responsive gels based on azobenzene,which can dynamically respond to external stimuli,have attracted considerable attention,since it can provide a broad range of tunable parameters, wavelength,intensity,and duration. The progress in supramolecular gels,which were classified into supramolecular organogel,supramolecular hydrogels,organi-inorganic hybrid supramolecular gel system,was reviewed in recent three years. The review focuses on the molecular size and shape of gelator,analyzes the role of supramolecular self-assembly driving force and the structural form by self-assembly. Finally,the application of gel systems in the field of optical switch,drug release and biological material was prospected.%基于偶氮苯的光响应型凝胶对光刺激可以保证连续性和精确性感知，并在刺激过程中有显著的响应行为性，是目前研究最多的光响应材料之一。本文将含偶氮苯的凝胶体系分成超分子有机凝胶、超分子水凝胶、超分子凝胶体系和有机无机杂化型体系，较系统地综述了近三年来基于偶氮苯的光响应型超分子凝胶的结构特点和研究进展。重点阐述了凝胶因子的分子大小和形态，涵盖了小分子、树枝状大分子、嵌段共聚物、超支化分子等；分析了发挥自组装驱动力的超分子之间的作用，涵盖了氢键、静电相互作用、π-π作用、疏水效应等；总结了自组装聚集形态的构造，涵盖了胶束、囊泡、纤维束、纳米棒等；最后展望了各类凝胶体系在光控开关、药物释放、生物材料等领域的应用前景。