过滤技术在油浆分离中的应用

摘要

In catalytic reactions like catalytic cracking,hydrocracking,the catalyst fines will cause equipment abrasion and fouling in the downstream,and also can reduce the value of oil product. For Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,separating the synthesis wax from gas-liquid-solid mixture in slurry bubble column reactor is difficult and utmost important for the process. Above all,removing the catalyst particulate in slurry oil is crucial to the stability of the units and the product quality. This paper reviews the development and application status of slurry oil filtration technologies,concludes the filtration characteristics like machining performance and filtering accuracy for two types of filter cartridge, which takes MOTT and Pall as representatives. The technologies in terms of operation condition, efficiency and backwash method,etc. are compared to have an analysis on filtration process and to figure out the influences of process and parameters on filtering effect and technology choice. This may provide references when make a choice on filter cartridge and process in slurry oil filtration of petrochemistry and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.%在催化裂化、加氢裂化等催化反应过程中，产品油浆中催化剂细粉不仅会导致下游设备的腐蚀和堵塞，也限制和降低了其直接作为产品、副产品的应用领域和经济价值。而对于低温费托合成反应而言，将费托合成蜡从气液固三相的浆态床反应器内分离出来，是整个费托合成工艺的的技术难点和关键之一。由此看出，油浆分离和净化技术的选择关系到以上催化反应的稳定运行和产品质量。本文回顾了目前国内外油浆过滤技术的研究及工业应用现状，总结了以美国MOTT公司为代表的金属烧结粉末和Pall公司为代表的金属烧结丝网两种主流滤芯的机械加工特性和过滤精度等特点，从操作条件、分离效率、反冲洗方式等方面进行比较，分析了各种油浆过滤技术的工艺特点，以及过滤工艺与参数对过滤效果和过滤技术选择的影响，可以为传统石油化工油浆过滤以及费托合成浆态床过滤分离技术在滤芯和过滤工艺选择等方面提供参考。