室内燃香颗粒物的排放特征

摘要

Particulate matter from incense burning is one of the main indoor pollutants.To understand the emission status of particles,the emission characteristics from 7 kinds of incense burning in the mainland of China were characterized in the environmental chamber for the first time.The results showed that particles generated by incense burning were mainly fine particulate matter PM2.5,and PM2.5 accounted for more than 97.2％ in PM10.The emission rates of PM2.5 and PM10 from incenses burning were in the range of 35.130 ～ 131.020 mg/h and 36.908 ～ 140.270 mg/h,respectively.The emission factors ranged from 6.950 to 34.600 mg/g and 7.311 ～37.040 mg/g,respectively.The rationality of labeling of green smoke-free incenses and sandalwood incense is based on the fact that the emission factors of their particulate matter were lower than those from fine Joss stick No.1 and chypre incense,and higher than those from red Tibetan incense.The emission rates of particle from incenses burning were used to evaluate the mass concentration of PM25 in a single room.The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 were significantly decreased with ventilation rate increasing from 1 time/h to 3 times/h and 5 times/h,and the decay time reduced from more than four hours to less than one hour.It suggests the fine particle concentration is high and exposure time is long in general natural ventilation room with incense burning.Therefore,when burning incense in the room with natural ventilation,the ventilation rates can be increased to reduce the pollution of incense burning by natural ventilation through opening windows or mechanical ventilation.%燃香颗粒物是室内主要污染之一,为了解其排放状况,首次在环境舱内对大陆7种燃香颗粒物的排放特征进行了表征.研究结果表明:1)燃香产生的主要是细颗粒物PM25,且PM25在PM10中的占比在97.2％以上;2)燃香颗粒物PM25和PM10排放速率分别为35.130 ～ 131.020 mg/h和36.908～140.270 mg/h,PM25和PM10的排放因子分别为6.950～34.600mg/g和7.311 ～37.040 mg/g;3)环保无烟卫生香和环保无烟正檀香的颗粒物排放因子低于细线香和柏香但高于红藏香,其环保标识基本合理;4)利用燃香颗粒物排放速率预测单室内PM25的质量浓度显示出换气次数由1次/h增到3次/h和5次/h后,颗粒物PM25的浓度明显降低,且衰减时间由4个多小时缩到不足1小时.以上表明一般自然通风房间燃香时细颗粒物浓度高且暴露时间长,不利人体健康.故在室内燃香时通过开窗通风或机械通风的方式加大换气次数来减少燃香污染.