侧孢芽孢杆菌的抑藻效应及对养殖水体中蓝藻水华的生态防控

摘要

Choosing Brevibacillus laterosporus to research the algal inhibiting effect for Microcystis aeruginosa, and applied it to the eutrophic water for algae blooms ecological control. The result showed that Brevibacillus laterosporus could control the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa which made the content of chlorophyll a dropping significantly and so as to restrain their photosynthetic activity, and it also limited the cell proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa. The inhibiting effect was proportional to the content of Brevibacillus laterosporus which indicated that concentration was higher, the stronger inhibition especially after 8~10 days the algae contacting with bacteria. Adding the viable count with greater than or equal to 108 CFU/mL to the eutrophic water according to 0.50, 1.00 mg/L, which not only can make the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and Permanganate index down in 60 days, but also can significantly inhibit the number of algae, increasing the types of algae, improve the algae Shannon­Weaver diversity index in aquaculture water, and control better for algae community structure. This study showed that Brevibacillus laterosporus had strong algal inhibiting ability and a good application prospect in aquatic ecological system for bioremediation of eutrophic water.%　　以一株侧孢芽孢杆菌（Brevibacillus laterosporus）为试验菌株，研究其对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）的抑制效应，并将其应用于水产养殖富营养化水体中，进行蓝藻水华的生态控制。结果表明，侧孢芽孢杆菌可以抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长，使其叶绿素 a 的含量显著下降，从而抑制了其光合作用的活性，达到限制铜绿微囊藻细胞增殖的目的。这种抑制作用与侧孢芽孢杆菌的细菌含量成正比，初始接种的菌体浓度越高，抑制作用越强，且这种限制作用在菌藻接触后的8~10 d 较为显著。将活菌数≥108个/mL 的侧孢芽孢杆菌按0.50、1.00 mg/L 的用量加入淡水池塘养殖的富营养水体，在60 d 内不仅可使养殖水体中的 TN、TP 和高锰酸盐指数有所下降，同时还可显著抑制藻类的数量，增加藻类的种类，提高养殖水体中藻类的 Shannon­Weaver 多样性指数，较好地调节藻类群落结构。研究显示，侧孢芽孢杆菌因具有较强的抑藻能力，在生物修复养殖富营养化水体的水生生态系统方面有着良好的应用前景。