基于不同身材驾驶员体压分布的座椅舒适性研究

摘要

To study the body pressure distribution characteristics of drivers with different statures and the effects of lumbar support on seating comfort,finite element (FE) models for human-body with three typical statures (5th,50th and 95th percentile) are constructed first,which covers three kinds of material for skeleton,soft tissue and skin respectively,and a seat FE model including lumbar support is also created,with driver posture adjusted by using cascade prediction model.Then seat model and human-body model are assembled together with boundary conditions applied,and a simulation on body pressure distribution is conducted to emphatically analyze the effects of driver's stature and lumbar support on interface pressure and the stress in soft tissue.Finally a subjective evaluation test on body pressure distribution is performed and with data comparison and subjective evaluation,the relation between body pressure distribution and riding comfort is established and the effects of lumbar support on seat comfort enhancement is verified.%为研究不同身材驾驶员体压分布的特点和腰部支撑对乘坐舒适性的影响,首先构建了3个典型身材(5,50和95百分位)的人体有限元模型,模型中包含骨骼、软组织和皮肤3种材料,并采用驾驶姿势的级联预测模型来调整人体的姿势;建立了包含腰部支撑的座椅有限元模型;接着将座椅和人体模型组装一起,并施加边界条件,对体压分布进行了仿真,着重分析驾驶员身材和腰部支撑对界面压强和软组织应力的影响;最后进行体压分布主观评价实验.通过数据对比和主观评价,建立了体压分布与乘坐舒适性的关系,证实了腰部支撑对提高座椅舒适性的作用.