基于侧面碰撞安全性的电动汽车车身结构件轻量化设计

摘要

In order to achieve the lightweight design of the body structures of an electric car,structures,which have significant influence on performance,were selected by comparing the load transmission characteristics and structural deformation mode before and after installing the battery pack in the process of side crash on the premise of ensuing the security of extrusion and connection of the battery pack,then sensitivity analysis and main effect analysis were adopted to determine the materials of selected structures.A high accuracy approximated model was applied to optimize the design by multi-objective genetic algorithm.With peak intrusion of the door and mass as objectives,an optimal lightweight solution was obtained ultimately by taking intrusion amount of threshold as constraints and thickness as design variables.%为实现某纯电动汽车车身结构件的轻量化设计,在保证其电池包挤压及连接安全的前提下,通过安装电池包前、后侧面碰撞过程传力特点及结构件变形模式的对比,选出对性能影响较大的结构件,采用灵敏度及主效应分析法确定了所选结构件的材料.选取精度较高的近似模型,采用多目标遗传算法进行优化,以厚度为设计变量、车门最大侵入量和质量为优化目标、门槛侵入量等为约束条件,获得了最优轻量化方案.