月球激光测距的现状及可能的改进方法

摘要

月球激光测距(LLR)代表了单光子探测技术的高峰,是国际激光测距界奋斗的目标.本文回顾了月球激光测距的现状以及它所特有的技术难度,同时介绍了我们为增加月球激光测距回波光子数所提出的一些可能的改进方法.特别介绍了在月球激光测距中利用月面反射器近旁的月面扩展源探测与计算大气倾斜量,进而对测月的激光束实施大气倾斜量实时改正这样一个全新的概念.最后介绍了云南天文台的激光测距系统以及它的近期工作目标.%Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is a great goal in the world and it represents the height of the single photon detection. The status of the lunar laser ranging and its difficulties are introduced in this paper. We also introduce some possible improvement methods that we proposed for increasing returned photon numbers on the LLR. A new idea is introduced especially that uses a small area near the retroreflector array on the moon surface as an extended source to detect and calculate the wavefront tilt, and then carry on the real-time tilt compensation for the laser beam on the LLR. Finally, Yunnan Observatory Laser Ranging System and its goal are introduced.