阿瑞匹坦预防骨与软组织肿瘤患者接受高致吐化疗所致恶心、呕吐的研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of aprepitant in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by hyperemetic chemotherapy in patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. Methods Between May 2016 and May 2018, 100 patients with malignant tumor in bone and soft tissue were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the prophylactic antiemetic drugs before chemotherapy, patients were divided into two groups: aprepitant group (n=50) and control group (n=50). Observe the complete remission (CR) rate of nausea and vomiting in two groups within 120 hours. Results The CR rates of nausea within 24 hours were 84% (42/50) and 76% (38/50) respectively in the aprepitant group and the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.317). Within 24~120 hours, the CR rates of nausea were 36% (18/50) and 20% (10/50), respectively, and yet there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.075). Within 24 hours, the CR rates of vomiting were 94% (47/50) and 84% (42/50) respectively in aprepi-tant group and control group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.110). However, the CR rate of vomiting within 24~120 hours was 84% (42/50) and 52% (26/50) respectively, with statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the aprepitant group was similar to that of the control group. All of them wereⅠ-Ⅱ degree adverse reactions, which could be tolerated by the patients. Conclusion Aprepitant is effective and safe in the prevention of nausea and vomiting for patients with malignant tumors of bone and soft tissue during the course of high emetic chemotherapy within 24~120 hours.%目的 探讨骨与软组织恶性肿瘤患者接受高致吐化疗方案过程中,使用阿瑞匹坦预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效与安全性.方法 回顾性研究2016年5月－2018年5月某三级甲等肿瘤医院接受高致吐化疗方案的骨与软组织恶性肿瘤患者100例,根据患者化疗前的预防性止吐药物使用情况分为阿瑞匹坦组(50例)和对照组(非阿瑞匹坦组)(50例).观察两组患者0~120 h内恶心、呕吐的完全缓解(CR)率.结果 阿瑞匹坦组与对照组患者24 h内恶心的CR率分别为84%(42/50)、76%(38/50),组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.317);24~120 h内恶心的CR率分别为36%(18/50)、20%(10/50),组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.075).阿瑞匹坦组与对照组患者24 h内呕吐的CR率分别为94%(47/50)、84%(42/50),组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.110);24~120 h内呕吐的CR率分别为84%(42/50)、52%(26/50),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001).两组患者不良反应发生率基本相似,且均为Ⅰ-Ⅱ度,患者均可耐受.结论 阿瑞匹坦对预防骨与软组织恶性肿瘤患者接受高致吐化疗方案过程中24~120 h内所发生的呕吐具有显著疗效,且安全性良好.