乡村治理转型与基层信访治理困境

摘要

自20世纪90年代末以来,国家推动的乡村治理转型使得基层治理模式发生了从间接治理到直接治理的转换,引发了剧烈的利益格局调整,集体权力受到削弱,个体权利被进一步弘扬,由此形成了新世纪的农民上访新高潮,并型塑出越来越多的谋利型上访者。1990年代信访治理依附于乡村治理、信访工作服务于乡村基层政权工作大局的局面不复存在,基层信访治理深陷困境之中。上访钉子户构成了当前农村基层信访治理的核心,谋利型上访的蔓延和上访专业户群体的形成,既是国家权力无法有效归化社会的表现,同时也在极大地消解国家基础权力的效能。%Since the end of 1990s,the nationwide transformation of rural governance has made the governance change from the indirect mode to the direct mode,which caused the dramatic adjustment of interest distribution.As a result,the collective power has been weakened and individual power strengthened continuously.Thus,the new climax of grass roots letters and visits was formed at the beginning of the 21st century.During those letters and visits,more and more visitors were tended to become benefit pursuers,which had totally changed the situation in 1990s that grass roots letters and visits were attached to the rural governance,generally serving the rural governmental goals,and the rural governance was gradually getting into the dilemma.The appealing nail household is the core of managing rural grass roots letters and visits nowadays.The overspreading of appealing interest pursuers and the formation of nail households group not only prevent the state power＇s returning back to the society but also do great harm to the efficiency of national grass roots governance.