氮磷钾肥施用量对桑树生长发育及干物质积累的影响

摘要

该研究采用“3414”田间试验方案,研究不同施肥处理对夏伐式修剪、多年生试验桑园桑树主要生长发育指标及干物质积累量的影响.结果表明,适量的氮磷钾肥能促进桑树正常生长发育,提高干物质含量,增加干物质积累量.氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对单株产叶量的影响表现分别为N2＞N3＞N1＞N0、P2＞P1＞P3＞P0、K2＞K1＞K3＞K0.桑叶干物质积累量推荐施肥量为694.36 kg/hm2 N、198.15 kg/hm2 P、274.26 kg/hm2 K,最大值为8045.04 kg/hm2；枝条干物质积累量推荐施肥量为1 000.05 kg/hm2 N、242.04 kg/hm2 P、218.01 kg/hm2 K,最大值为5 969.05 kg/hm2；春季新稍干物质积累量的推荐施肥量为883.76 kg/hm2 N、204.48 kg/hm2P、426.59 kg/hm2 K,最大值1 410.24 kg/hm2.该研究可为四川丘陵蚕区优质桑园建设提供参考.%In this paper,the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the main indexes of growth and development and dry matter accumulation of perennial mulberry,which is cut and pruned in summer,were studied with '3414' field experiment design.The results showed that N,P,and K at proper amounts could promote mulberry growth and development,improve its dry matter content,increase its dry matter accumulation.The effects of N,P,K on leaf yield per plant were respectively expressed as follows:N2＞N3＞N1＞N0,P2＞P1＞P3＞P0,K2＞K1＞K3＞K0.It can be concluded that the recommended fertilizer amounts of dry matter accumulations in mulberry leaf were 694.36 kg/hm2 of N,198.15 kg/hm2 of P,and 274.26 kg/hm2 of K and the dry matter achieved the maximum at 8 045.04 kg/hm2.The recommended fertilizer amounts of accumulated dry matter in branch were 1 000.05 kg/hm2 of N,242.04kg/hm2 of P,and 218.01 kg/hm2 of K,and the dry matter achieved the maximum at 5 969.05 kg/hm2.The recommended fertilizer amount in young shoots were 883.76kg/hm2 of N,204.48 kg/hm2 of P and 426.59 kg/hm2 of K and dry matter achieved the maximum at 1 410.24 kg/hm2.This paper could provide reference for the construction of highly-qualified mulberry field in Sichuan hilly area.