夏玉米乳线位置与粒重及机械化收获关系的研究

摘要

To investigate the relationship of milk line position with grain weight and mechanized harvest of summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, 8 varieties (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) with large planting areas were selected to measure the grain filling rate, 100-grain weight, water content and milk line position, and the correlation was analyzed. Results showed that when the milk line position was 90%, the grain filling of all the 8 varieties finished and 100-grain weight reached the highest value,which was 43.02 g. The grain filling time was in positive correlation with 100-grain weight. However, when the milk line position completely disappeared, the 100-grain weight was reduced by 8.66% at most. There was no significant difference during the periods of grain weight rising, but in the periods of grain weight falling, the traits of D, E, H were significantly different with the other varieties, and water loss rate of C and A showed significant difference with the other six varieties. The water content of grain was negatively correlated with milk line position. When the milk line percentage was 90% , the grain water content was less than 30% . The key factor influencing the mechanized harvest of summer corn is harvesting time, rather than the varieties. Moreover, milk-line position of 90% is the best time for harvest; if the harvest is too late, the yield will be reduced with varying degrees.%为研究黄淮海夏玉米乳线位置与粒重及机械化收获的关系,选用推广面积较大的8个品种(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H)作为处理,测定其灌浆速率、百粒重、含水量及乳线位置等性状,并分析其相关性.结果表明:乳线位置在90%时籽粒灌浆已经结束,百粒重出现峰值,最高为43.02 g,灌浆时间与百粒重程正相关,乳线完全消失后,百粒重最大可降低8.66%;在粒重上升期处理间差异不显著,下降期处理D、E、H与其他处理间差异达极显著水平;脱水速率处理C、A与其他6个处理间差异显著;籽粒含水量与乳线位置呈负相关,乳线下移至90%,籽粒含水量在30%以下.影响夏玉米机械化收获籽粒的关键因素是收获时间,而不是品种;乳线位置下移至90%是夏玉米收获的最佳时间,收获过晚产量会有不同程度的降低.