Based on the daily temperature data during 1961 ～ 2009 from 9 meteorological stations in Urumqi region,the fundamental spatial-temporal change characteristics of various agricultural - heat elements, such as the average annual temperature, the average temperature on January and July, extreme minimum temperature and extreme maximum temperature in a year, frost-free period, the days of ≥ 0℃ and ≥ 10℃, annual accumulated temperature of ≥ 0℃ and ≥ 10℃, negative accumulated temperature in winter, mean daily temperature range from April to September were analyzed by using the methods of linear regression and Kriging interpolation. The main results are obtained as follows: ① Agricultural-heat resources is obviously different in various regions in Urumqi region, generally, the mean temperature of annual and July, extreme minimum and extreme maximum temperature in a year, frost-free period, the days of ≥0℃ and ≥ 10℃, annual accumulated temperature of ≥ 0℃ and ≥ 10℃, mean daily temperature range from April to September is higher or more in plain and valley than that in mountainous areas. By the influence of inversion temperature in winter, January average temperature, extreme minimum temperature and negative accumulated temperature is higher inthe altitudinal belt from 900m to 2 100 m than that in other ares. ② In the background of global warming, agriculturalheat resources have a significant increasing in recent 49 years in Urumqi region, generally, the average annual temperature, the average temperature on January and July, extreme minimum temperature and extreme maximum temperature in a year, frost-free period ,the days of ≥0℃ and ≥ 10℃, annual accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ and ≥ 10℃, and negative accumulated temperature have a increasing trend, while the mean temperature range from April to September has a decreasing trend. But the change rate of them varies in different regions in Urumqi region, and generally, the agricultural-heat resources have a more increment in urban and plain than that in Tianshan mountainous area. Agricultural heat resources increasing is a double - edged sword to agriculture and livestock production. Therefore, we must deal it with the measures of drawing on the advantages and avoiding disadvantages to promoting the development of agricultural productian.%根据新疆乌鲁木齐地区9个气象台站1961～2009年的逐日气温资料,采用线性回归和Kriging空间插值技术,对近49年该地区年平均气温、最冷月和最热月平均气温、年极端最低和最高气温、无霜期、≥0℃、≥10℃持续日数和活动积温、冬季负积温以及作物主要生长期的夏半年(4～9月)气温日较差等农业气候热量条件的时空变化规律进行了分析,结果表明:①乌鲁木齐地区热量资源具有显著的区域性差异,年平均气温、最热月(7月)平均气温、极端最高气温、无霜期、≥0℃、≥10℃持续日数和活动积温以及夏半年气温日较差在空间分布上均表现为"平原高于山区、北部高于南部"的格局;受冬季逆温的影响,最冷月(1月)平均气温、极端最低气温和冬季负积温在山前冲、洪积平原至中山带温度较高,北部平原和高山带温度较低.②在全球变暖背景下,近49年,乌鲁木齐地区热量资源有较明显的增加趋势,具体表现为年平均气温、最冷月和最热月平均气温、年极端最低和极端最高气温、无霜期、≥0℃、≥10℃持续期和活动积温均有不同程度的升高或增多,冬季负积温和夏半年气温日较差减小.但各地热量资源增多倾向率的空间分布差异较大,总体为:城市密集区和平原地带热量增多较明显,天山山区热量增多速率较小.热量资源增加对乌鲁木齐地区农牧业生产既有有利的方面,同时也会带来一些负面影响,因此,应采取趋利避害的管理和技术措施科学应对,以促进农牧业生产的持续稳定发展.
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