根际分隔对玉米/豌豆间作种间竞争及豌豆结瘤固氮的影响

摘要

Using a pot experiment,the interspecific competition and nitrogen fixation under maize intercropped with pea was investigated.Two N fertilizer levels (0,0.15 g· kg-1 soil) and three root partition (no seperation,separated by plastic film and by nylon mesh) was included.The results showed that both maize biomass and its nutrient acquisition were higher in intercropping than those in monocuhure.Compared to monoculture,for no N fertilizer,maize biomass in intereropping was increased by 28.5 ％,32.8 ％,48.7 ％ respectively;At seedling stage,early podding stage and harvesting stage of pea,they are-8.6％,8.1％,63.2％,respectively,for 0.15 g·kg-1 soil.Maize biomass of three root partition showed no seperation ＞ separated by nylon mesh ＞ separated by plastic film ＞ monoculture.For no N fertilizer,at seedling stage of pea,pea biomass in intercropping was increased by 35.8％ compared with monoculture.The increasing of pea biomass decreased with the development of maize,there was no difference in pea biomass at harvesting between intercropping and monoculture.Pea biomass under three root partition showed the rank:separated by plastic film ＞ no seperation ＞ separated by nylon mesh ＞ monoculture.For 0.15 g·kg-1 soil,the yield of intercropped pea was decreased compared with monoculture pea.Pea biomass under three root partition at harvesting showed the rank:separated by nylon mesh ＞ separated by plastic film ＞ monoculture ＞ no separation.Compared with monoculture,the nodulation number of pea under no seperation,separated by nylon mesh and by plastic were increased 120％,82.5％,22.5％,respectively.%通过盆栽试验研究了玉米/豌豆间作条件下,两种施氮水平(0、0.15 g·kg-1)及三种分隔方式(不分隔、塑料膜分隔、尼龙网分隔)对玉米、豌豆生长及豌豆结瘤固氮的影响.结果表明:与单作相比,玉米/豌豆间作后对玉米的生长和养分的吸收有显著的促进作用,在整个生育期,玉米生物量的增加量随着豌豆生育期的推进而增加,豌豆苗期、豌豆结荚初期、豌豆收获期玉米的生物量在不施氮肥条件下分别增加:28.5％、32.8％、48.7％;在施氮0.15 g·kg-1时分别增加-8.6％、8.1％、63.2％.在玉米豌豆间作体系中三种分隔方式玉米生物量的大小顺序为:间作不分隔＞间作尼龙网隔＞间作塑料膜分隔＞单作;在不施氮肥时,间作后豌豆苗期生物量与单作相比增加显著,增加幅度达35.8％;随着玉米生育期的推进,间作豌豆的生物量增加幅度随着降低,到豌豆收获期与单作豌豆相比差异不显著.收获时三种分隔方式豌豆生物量的大小顺序为:间作塑料膜分隔＞间作不分隔＞间作尼龙网隔＞单作;在施氮肥时,随着玉米的生长间作豌豆与单作豌豆相比显著减产,收获时三种分隔方式对豌豆生物量的大小顺序为:间作尼龙网隔＞间作塑料膜分隔＞单作＞间作不分隔.与单作相比,间作提高了豌豆的结瘤数;间作不分隔、间作尼龙网隔、间作塑料膜分隔条件下,碗豆的结瘤数分别增加120％、82.5％、22.5％.