渭北旱塬沟壑区苹果节水灌溉制度分析

摘要

To investigate the water-saving irrigation scheduling for full bearing apple trees during different hydrologi -cal years in Weibei dryland gully ,based on water balance principle ,meteorological data from recent 56 years in Lu-ochuan were used to analyze both sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation scheduling of two maturity apple varieties (Gala and Fuji) under different irrigation methods (pipe irrigation and drip irrigation) .The results showed that both mid- and late-maturing varieties should be irrigated in different hydrological years .The irrigation stage and amount should mainly be implemented at new shoot growing and fruit expanding stages .In addition ,for mid-maturing variety in different hydro-logical years (wet ,normal ,dry and extremely dry years) under sufficient irrigation scheduling ,irrigation times were 2 , 3 ,3 and 4 ,respectively ,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 60 ,85 ,120 mm and 165 mm ,respectively ,pipe irri-gations were 90 ,130 ,180 and 245 mm ,respectively ;irrigation times under non-sufficient irrigation scheduling were 1 , 2 ,3 and 4 ,respectively ,irrigation quota for drip irrigation were 45 ,70 ,110 and 150 mm ,respectively ,and pipe irri-gation were 65 ,110 ,170 and 220 mm ,respectively .Furthermore ,for late-maturing variety in different hydrological years under sufficient irrigation scheduling ,irrigation times were 2 ,3 ,4 and 4 ,respectively ,irrigation quota for drip ir-rigation were 65 ,90 ,125 and 160 mm ,respectively ,pipe irrigation were 95 ,140 ,195 and 240 mm ,respectively ;irri-gation times under non-sufficient irrigation scheduling were 2 ,3 ,3 and 4 ,respectively ,irrigation quota for drip irriga-tion were 55 ,75 ,120 mm and 150 mm ,and pipe irrigation were 85 ,125 ,175 mm and 220 mm ,respectively .%为了探讨渭北旱塬沟壑区盛果期苹果不同水文年的节水灌溉制度，选取洛川县为代表性区域，利用该县近56年的月气象资料，基于水量平衡原理，分析了陕西省两个不同成熟期的苹果品种（中熟嘎拉、晚熟富士）在不同节水灌溉模式下（管灌、滴灌）各水文年的充分与非充分灌溉制度。结果表明：①不同成熟期苹果各水文年均应补灌，补灌时间和灌水量主要集中在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期。②中熟品种充分灌溉在湿润年、平水年、干旱年、特旱年的灌水次数分别为2、3、3、4次，相应灌溉定额滴灌为60、85、120、165 mm ，管灌为90、130、180、245 mm ；非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为1、2、3、4次，相应灌溉定额滴灌为45、70、110、150 mm ，管灌为65、110、170、220 mm 。③晚熟品种充分灌溉在相应水文年的灌水次数分别为2、3、4、4次，相应灌溉定额滴灌为65、90、125、160 mm ，管灌为95、140、195、240 mm ；非充分灌溉各水文年的灌水次数为2、3、3、4次，相应滴灌灌溉定额为55、75、120、150 mm ，管灌灌溉定额为85、125、175、220 mm 。