分析了不同种植方式和施氮量对农田小生境的影响，研究提高小麦产量的优化组合。采取随机区组设计，设置两种种植方式：30 cm等行距平作（U）、20 cm＋40 cm沟播（F）；三种氮素处理：生育期不施氮（N0）、生育期总施氮量为112．5 kg·hm－2（N1）、生育期总施氮量为225 kg·hm－2（N2），3次重复。结果表明，沟播0～15 cm土壤温度比平作降低0．4℃，5、50 cm的空气温度分别降低了0．3℃、0．5℃，空气湿度分别增加了2．8％、3．1％，进而土壤棵间蒸发强度降低了9．9％；在灌浆期，沟播比平作冠层光合有效辐射截获率的日均值提高了13．5％；在N1条件下，沟播的产量显著高于平作（P＜0．05）。随着施氮量的增加，小气候的各项指标有所改善，但是幅度在逐渐减少；在沟播条件下，N1产量显著高于N0（P＜0．05），N2和N1之间没有显著性的差异（P＞0．05）。综合考虑到产量和施肥量，20 cm＋40 cm沟播和施氮量112．5 kg·hm－2是较好的种植方式。%This study aims to study the effects of planting pattern and nitrogen rate on the farmland microclimate, and indentify possible ways to improve the yield of winter wheat .The field experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design with three replicates .The two planting patterns were:(1 )30 cm uniform row planting pattern (U),and (2)20 cm+40 cm furrow planting pattern (F).Three nitrogen rate treatments applied as N0 (0 kg·hm-2), N1 (112.5 kg·hm-2),and N2 (225 kg·hm-2)during the whole growth period.Results showed that F decreased the soil temperature (0~15 cm)by 0 .4℃ and air temperature (5,50 cm)by 0 .3℃ and 0 .5℃ respectively,and in-creasedthe air humidity by 2 .8%and 3 .1%respectively,thus reducing the soil evaporation intensity by 9 .9%.In the filling stage,Fevidently increased the diurnal photosynthetic active radiation capture ratio by 13 .5%in the upper layer. The grain yield of F was significantly higher than that of U under N1 (P0 .05). Therefore,combination of F and 1 12 .5 kg·hm-2 nitrogen rate was the optimum practices for winter wheat production from perspective of grain yield and fertilizer application amount .
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