含水量及添加剂对燕麦捆裹青贮品质的影响

摘要

In order to study the effects of different moisture contents and additives on the quality of baling oat silage,a 2×5 experiment was designed.Baling oat harvested at grain filling stage was wilted to target moisture contents (45%-50% and 65%-70%)and treated with corn flour (4%),urea (0.4%),Synlac Dry (0.002 g/kg),Sila-Max 200 (0.0025 g/kg),or directly baled without additives (CK).After 40 d ensiling,nutrition and fermentation were measured,and microbial counts and community analysis were undertaken by plate-cul-ture.Moisture contents and additives had significant effects on silage quality.Compared with those at 45%-50% moisture content,treatments at 65%-70% moisture content had more stable CP,main organic acids and lactic acid bacteria (LAB),lower acid detergent fiber (ADF),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),water soluble carbohydrate (WSC)and mould and yeast (M&Y)counts,showing a better ensiling effectiveness.In contrast with CK,flour and urea treatments at 65%-70% moisture content had higher NDF,ADF and NH 3-N con-tents,but lower WSC.Sila-Max 200 led to the lowest NDF and ADF contents (52.12% and 32.14%,respec-tively),the highest lactic acid and significantly increased LAB,thus inhibiting aerobic microorganisms and a-chieving the best silage performance.In conclusion,adding suitable additives to oat with 65%-70% moisture content could signficantly improve the oat silage quality.%为了搞清不同含水量和添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响，试验设置2个含水量（45％～50％，65％～70％）和5个添加剂处理进行研究。5个添加剂处理分别为玉米粉（4％）、尿素（0．4％）、Synlac Dry（0．002 g／kg）、Sila-Max 200（0．0025 g／kg）和直接青贮（CK）。以灌浆期全株燕麦为青贮原料，捆裹青贮40 d 后取样，测定其营养指标、发酵指标和主要微生物类群数量。结果表明，含水量与添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质的影响非常显著。与45％～50％含水量相比，65％～70％含水量下各处理的 CP、主要有机酸含量和 LAB 数量比较稳定；NDF、ADF、WSC 和 M＆Y 数量降低，青贮效果较优。与 CK 相比，最佳含水量下玉米粉和尿素处理的青贮燕麦 NDF、ADF、NH3-N 均显著增加（P ＜0．05），WSC 显著减少。Sila-Max 200处理的 NDF、ADF 含量最低（P ＜0．05），分别为52．12％和32．14％；LA 含量最高，LAB 数量也显著提高（P ＜0．05），抑制了好氧细菌的生长繁殖，效果优于 Synlac Dry，青贮品质最佳。综上所述，在65％～70％原料含水量条件下选择合适添加剂处理可显著提高燕麦青贮品质。