丛枝菌根真菌与豆科植物共生体研究进展

摘要

丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）是一类广泛分布在土壤中与植物根系共生的真菌，几乎所有的农业生态系统和自然界的土壤中都有 AMF 的分布。在 AMF 与植物的共生体中，AMF 消耗植物光合有机产物的同时，将土壤中更多的磷和氮等营养物质转运给寄主植物。豆科植物作为一种重要的农业种质资源，能与AMF 形成共生体系。研究表明，AMF 能够促进豆科植物生长、提高其对矿质营养元素和水分的吸收能力、增强其生物固氮能力和抗逆能力等。为了更好地利用 AMF 促进豆科植物的生产，本研究分析了共生体建立过程中可能存在的信号转导机制，论述了 AMF 提高豆科植物产量及营养价值的研究成果，阐明了 AMF 提高豆科植物抗逆能力的内在机制，探讨了 AMF 与根瘤菌的互作的潜在机制，并对今后 AMF 与豆科植物共生在农业领域的研究方向进行了展望。%Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF),are widely distributed in the soil and plant roots of almost all agricultural ecosystems.In this symbiosis,AMF consumes carbohydrates produced by the host plant using the hyphae associated with the roots for growth and reproduction;at the same time arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae enhance the capacity for root absorption,which provides nutrients needed for growth (such as phosphorus and nitrogen).Legumes can form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Numerous studies indicate that ar-buscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve legume growth,promote the absorption of mineral nutrients and wa-ter,and enhance biological nitrogen fixation capacity and stress resistance.The aim of this study was to enable better use of mycorrhizal fungi to promote legume production;the signal transduction mechanisms that may exist during the establishment of symbiosis were analyzed and the responses of legume yield and nutritional val-ue to arbuscular mycorrhizal are discussed.The internal mechanisms of increased stress resistance due to ar-buscular mycorrhizal are clarified,potential mechanisms of the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobia are explored and the prospects for arbuscular mycorrhizal and legumes symbiosis studies in the future are addressed.