An in vitro system using Agrobacterium-transformed dicotyledon roots (such as carrot roots) and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (such as Glomus intradices) was developed to produce viable and aseptic spores. The entire life cycle from the growth of initial germ tubes to the formation of external mycelium network and spore production was observed nondestructively using light microscopy. The system may be subcultured continuously for the production of viable and clean spores.
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