氮杂苯并菲类n-型有机半导体材料研究进展

摘要

Discotic liquid crystals are a new class of organic electronic materials, and most of these materials display hole-transporting properties. n-Type discotic materials with electron-transporting properties are rare. Azatriphenylene is one of the most important discotic materials having similar structure to triphenylene derivatives. The introduction of nitrogen atom(s) into the molecular structure of azatriphenylene enhanced its electron affinity properties, making the azatriphenylene derivatives potential n-type organic semiconductors and important materials in terms of their application in optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews recent research progress towards the development of discotic azatriphenylene derivatives, provides discussion on their synthetic methodologies, and accesses their properties as wel as their molecular structures such as di-azatriphenylene, tetra-azatriphenylene, and hexa-azatriphenylene. As potential n-type organic semiconductors, the prospective applications of the azatriphenylene materials in optoelectronic devices are explored.%苯并菲盘状液晶是一类新型的有机电子学材料。该类材料多数以空穴传输功能为主，能传输电子的n-型材料较少。氮杂苯并菲是与苯并菲衍生物非常相似的一种杂环化合物，材料结构中引入了氮原子，吸电子能力得到增强，是潜在的n-型有机半导体材料，具有重要的应用价值。本文系统回顾了氮杂苯并菲类盘状液晶材料的研究进展，分类讨论了材料的分子结构，其中包括二、四、六氮杂苯并菲，以及它们的合成方法和物理化学性能，论述了材料在光电子领域的最新使用进展，并在此基础上，对该类液晶材料作为n-型有机半导体在光电子器件领域的应用前景进行了展望。