光电化学生物分析研究进展

摘要

光电化学生物分析是近年来新出现并发展迅速的一种分析技术,其检测原理是基于在光照下识别元件和目标分子之间的生物识别作用造成光电活性物质产生的电信号的改变,以实现对待测物的定量测定.由于其灵敏选择性检测的优点及其在生物分析中的巨大潜力,该方法吸引了较多的关注,并且在检测性能和生物传感应用等方面也取得了较大进步.本文针对光电化学生物分析中常见的四种应用领域,即直接光电化学检测、光电化学酶检测、光电化学核酸检测以及光电化学免疫分析,综述了近年来国内外在光电化学生物分析研究领域的最新进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望.%Photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis is a newly emerged and rapidly developing analysis technique that provides an elegant route for sensitive bioanalysis.The sensing mechanism of PEC bioanalysis is based on the fact that variations in photocurrent signal can be produced by biological interactions between various recognition elements and their corresponding targets.Owing to its excellent sensitivity,selectivity,and great potential for future bioanalysis,PEC bioanalysis has drawn increasing research attention and substantial progress has been made in its analytical applications.Currently,it has become a hot research topic and its recent momentum has grown rapidly,as demonstrated by the increased number of published research articles.Given the pace of advances in this area,this review first introduces the fundamentals and general instrumentation of this methodology.Then,with recent illustrative examples,we summarize the new developments in PEC bioanalysis according to its main bioanalytical applications,i.e.,direct PEC detection of biomolecules,PEC enzymatic bioanalysis,PEC DNA detection,and PEC immunoassay.The future challenges and developments in this field are also discussed.