基于线性成像系统的光学超分辨显微术回顾

摘要

In the last few decades, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been growing with breath taking speed, and how to break through the diffraction limit and tame the light on a nanoscale have become the major challenges in optics. In this field, several super-resolution optical nanoscopy techniques have been developed, leading to a series of breakthroughs in physics, chemistry, and life sciences. In the work, we give a retrospect of the newly developed techniques in diffraction theory of linear optical systems, including the solid immersion lens, structured light illumination microscopy, scanning near-field optical microscopy, metamaterial-based wide field near-field imaging technique and super-oscillatory lens. Brief discussion on their principles, advantages and applications is also provided.%随着纳米科学技术的发展,如何打破光学衍射极限,将光学显微术的分辨本领推进到纳米尺度,已经成为光学领域的一个核心议题.在此背景下,过去的三十年间,发展了多种超分辨光学显微技术,并在生物、材料、化学领域取得了一系列令人瞩目的应用.本文以衍射理论为线索,回顾各类基于线性成像系统的超分辨光学显微技术;对以固浸物镜、结构光照明、扫描近场光学显微术、完美透镜以及超振荡透镜为代表的超分辨光学显微技术进行综述,讨论各种技术的原理,对其特点、应用与局限加以总结,并对该领域的未来发展予以展望.