目的 观察运动干预方案对延缓绝经后骨量丢失的效果,并对骨密度变化率的影响因素进行分析.方法 研究对象为绝经后2～10年之间的妇女,平均年龄(52.6±4.4)岁.遵循个人意愿分为运动组(n=45)和对照组(n=36),运动组要求遵循运动方案进行锻炼,对照组未参加任何方式有规律的体育锻炼.观察期为12个月.在0、12个月时测量腰椎L1～4和股骨上端骨密度.分别在0、3、6个月时评定肌肉力量和心肺功能.采用非参数秩和检验比较骨密度变化率,并采用多元线性回归模型分析骨密度改变率的影响因素.结果 最终运动组中有36人完成运动干预实验,12个月后,运动组和对照组腰椎L1～4及髋骨骨密度值和基线值相比均明显降低(均P＜0.01).但运动组第4腰椎、平均腰椎骨密度变化率以及股骨颈、Ward's 三角区、大转子骨密度变化率均低于对照组(均P＜0.01).对第4腰椎、平均腰椎、股骨颈、Ward's 三角区骨密度变化率进行多元线性回归分析,结果显示,肌肉力量是影响骨密度变化率的重要因素,肌肉力量增强有助于减少骨量丢失.结论 本研究设计的运动方案可有效延缓负重部位骨量丢失,肌肉力量练习是运动方案中不可或缺的环节.%Objective To investigate the effect of a well designed aerobic, resistance, and extension exercise program on bone mineral density(BMD)of postmenopausal women. Methods The subjects included 45 postmenopausal women, who exer cised over 12 months(exercise group,EG),and 36 women who served as non exercise control group. The exercise group under went the training regime,and women in control group kept their daily physical activity habits unchanged during the study peri od. BMD of the hip,and lumbar spine was measured at baseline and 12 months using DEXA. Physical fitness was determined by maximum strength and cardiovascular performance at 0,3rd,6th month. Results Thirty six out of 45 women in exercise group and 36 controls completed the study. BMD was decreased in all subjects, but the rate of bone loss was lower in exercise group than in control group at L1-4 and hip. Maximum isometric strength was significantly increased in exercise group(P＜0.01). The study demonstrated that multipurpose high intensity exercise programs significantly affected relevant menopausal bone loss. Conclusion The exercise programs with special emphasis on bone density could significantly improve strength and endur ance and reduce bone loss in osteopenic women in their critical early postmenopausal years. Reinforcing muscle strength exercise should be emphasized in preventive exercise program aimed to preserve bone mass in postmenopausal women.
展开▼
