1998-2014年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态系统服务价值及其时空变异

摘要

湿地的生态系统服务价值是生态学研究的热点之一.以艾比湖湿地自然保护区为研究区,以1998年的TM影像、2006年的Landsat ETM+影像及2014年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值公式进行生态系统服务价值评估,结合空间自相关模型,定量探讨了艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态系统服务价值时空分异特征.结果表明:(1)近20年来,研究区的土地利用/覆被变化显著,除了水体和裸地面积减少,其它土地覆被类型面积都有不同比例的增加.(2)在生态系统服务价值方面,近20年来ESV(Ecosystem Services Values)整体变化不大,但近年ESV有所降低,生态环境出现恶化趋势.(3)在生态系统服务的时空变异方面,研究区ESV空间正相关显著,空间集聚程度高值区主要集中在艾比湖水域和湿地,并且高值区有增加向减少转变的趋势,低值聚集区在湖区四周,且逐年增加.(4)近20年来,影响研究区生态系统服务价值时空变化的驱动力因素主要包括自然因素和人为因素,人为因素是研究区生态系统服务价值时空变化的主要驱动因素.%Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human wellbeing and survival,and they provide cultural and economic benefits for sustaining and fulfilling the well-being of humans the living organisms.Wetlands are an important component of ecosystem environments,especially for economic and agricultural development via their roles in flood reduction and nutrient cycling,as well as water conservation,regulating atmospheric composition and maintaining biodiversity.In recent years,many researchers have studied spatial ecosystem patterns and factors influencing the value of ecosystem services,although few studies have focused on how the intensity of land use in these areas affects ecological changes.We selected the Ebinur Wetland Nature Reserve as our study site to analyze the spatial distribution and dynamics of ecosystem services.We used 1998 TM Landsat images,2006 ETM+ Landsat images,and 2014 OLI Landsat images to analyze land use changes over these periods and used the computational formula from the Costanza ecosystem service value to study the auto-correlation of land use changes in the study area.The results of the study are:(1) Over the past 20 years,land use significantly changed,with all land use practices increasing except in the water area and bare land area.(2) Changes in ESV (Ecosystem Services Values) were been insignificant in the past 20 years,with ESV decreasing,suggesting that the ecological environment is subject to a degradation trend.(3) The spatial-temporal variation of ESV was prominent;spatial correlation was significant and the degree of spatial agglomeration was relatively high in the study area.High values were distributed mainly in the water area and wetland region,with these high-value regions exhibiting a decreasing trend.Low values occurred around the lake areas,which increased over time.(4) The influence of spatialtemporal changes in the ecosystem service values was insignificant and human driving factors will become the main driving forces influencing the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services values.