贡嘎山典型植被地上生物量与碳储量研究

摘要

采用典型样地调查和异速生长模型相结合的方法,测定了贡嘎山东坡垂直带谱上常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、亚高山暗针叶林、高山灌丛4种典型植被类型的地上部分生物量与碳储量.结果表明,(1)随着海拔的升高,植被地上生物量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其生物量分别为:常绿与落叶阔叶混交林233.49 t/hm2、针阔叶混交林524.55 t/hm2、暗针叶林415.81 t/hm2、高山灌丛20.86 t/hm2,而相应的单株树木平均地上生物量分别为320.11 kg、1 140.78 kg、623.15 kg、11.89 kg,显示出与植被垂直带生物量相一致的变化趋势.(2)不同树木器官的含碳率中,以叶片的平均含碳率(48.25％)最高,依次为树枝(4 6.29％)、树干(4 4.65％);海拔从低到高的4个垂直带植被碳储量分别为103.60 t/hm2、245.26 t/hm2、192.99 t/hm2、9.82 t/hm2.研究认为,年平均降水量与地上生物量显著相关,是影响贡嘎山植被垂直带地上生物量分异的重要气候因子.%The characteristic of "stereoscopic" climates is fairly clear in Gongga Mountain,and various types of vegetation altitudinal belts ranging from subtropical vegetation to frigid zones vegetation were shaped a-long altitude. In this research,typical sample plot investigation method and allometric models were used to study the aboveground biomass and carbon storage of four typical vegetation altitudinal belts including evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest belt, mixed coniferous broad leaved forest belt, dark coniferous forest belt and alpine scrub belt in eastern slope of Gongga Mountain. The results show that: (1 ) The aboveground biomass of natural vegetation increased from lower to higher altitudinal zones until the maximum was reached and then declined as the altitude continued to increase. The aboveground biomass of the four vegetation altitudinal belts from low altitude to high was 233. 49 t/hm2 ,524. 55 t/hm2 ,415. 81 t/hm2 , 20. 86 t/hm2 .respectively,indicating a maximum biomass of the mixed coniferous and broad leaved forest. The average individual plant aboveground biomass of the four vegetation altitude belts from low to high altitude was 320. 11 kg,l 140. 78 kg,623. 15 kg,11. 89 kg, respectively, which showed the same trend with the aboveground biomass of the vegetation altitude belts. ( 2) All the altitude belts analyzed as a whole, of the plant organs,leaf have the highest carbon content rate (48. 52% ), followed by branch (46. 29%) and trunk (44. 65%). The carbon storage of the four vegetation altitudinal belts from low to high altitude was 103. 60 t/hm2,245. 26 t/hm2 ,192. 99 t/hm2 ,9. 82 t/hm2,respectively. The correlation between aboveground bi-omass and mean annual precipitation reached a highly significant level, and mean annual precipitation was an important climate factor that affects the aboveground biomass distribution pattern in Gongga Mountain.