The family Ranunculaceae has played an important role in the evolution of angiosperms .Howev‐er ,agreement is lacking on the systematic relationships of many genera within Ranunculaceae .In recent twenties years ,molecular phylogenetic studies discovered that previous classifications system based on morphological characteristics were quite difference with the molecular phylogeny .The vast majority of the subfamily defined by morphological traits was not supported by molecular systematic .Besides ,several genera determined by morphology ,such as , Cimicif uga , Souliea , Hepatica , Pulsatilla , Batrachium etc .,were detected to be synonymies according to molecular analysis .At the mean time ,molecular sys‐tematics studies also established genera in the family ,such as ,Gymnaconitum etc .Through molecular systematics study ,a total of ten genera were reduced ,and two genera were established in China .Howev‐er ,the relationships between many groups within Ranunculaceae are still in question .The phylogenetic framework of subfamily .Ranunculoideae and tribe Delphinieae still needs to further study .In the present paper ,recent advances in molecular phylogenetics of Ranunculaceae are summarized and some problemati‐cal issues within the family are discussed .%毛茛科（Ranunculaceae ）在被子植物的系统演化中占有十分重要的地位，其系统位置和科下演化关系一直备受争议。近20多年的分子系统学研究表明，以往基于形态学的分类系统与分子系统学研究结果存在巨大差异。通过形态学性状界定的绝大多数亚科都没有得到分子系统学支持。此外，通过形态学确定的一些属如升麻属（Cimicifuga）、黄三七属（Souliea）、獐耳细辛属（Hepatica）、白头翁属（Pulsatilla）和水毛茛属（Batrachium）等，根据分子系统学研究均应予以归并。而分子系统学研究也确立了一些类群的属级地位，如露蕊乌头属（Gymnaco‐nitum）等。以中国分布的毛茛科植物为例，通过以往分子系统学研究，共有10个属被归并，2个属新被确立。然而，毛茛科分子系统学研究对于科下许多类群之间的关系目前仍然没有得到很好的解决，如毛茛亚科和翠雀族等类群的系统发育关系仍需要进行深入研究后方能确定。该文对近年来国内外有关毛茛科的分子系统学研究进展进行了综述，并对该科尚存的一些问题和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。
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