侧倾角对机械弹性车轮刚度及接地特性的影响

摘要

为提高车辆行驶的安全性,对一种新型非充气式机械弹性安全车轮在不同侧倾角工况下的刚度特性及接地特性进行了研究.在充分考虑輮轮体层合结构基础上,基于有限元法建立了包含橡胶材料的不可压缩性、大变形及车轮与地面接触非线性等特征的机械弹性车轮三维有限元模型,并通过加载试验对模型进行了精度验证.将车轮刚度特性及侧倾接地特性的仿真和试验结果进行对比,分析了侧倾角对车轮垂向刚度、下沉量、接地印迹及压力分布等特征的影响.结果表明:车轮的垂向刚度随侧倾角的增大而减小;侧倾角的存在加剧了车轮胎肩部位的应力集中,使接地区域压力分布的均匀性变差.研究结果为分析机械弹性车轮侧倾特性、輮轮胎面的不均匀磨损及其结构优化等提供了参考.%The vertical stiffness and grounding characteristics of a non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel under the conditions of different camber angle were studied to improve the vehicle driving safety.In considering the laminated structure of flexible tire body,a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of mechanical elastic wheel was established,which includes the incompressibility of rubber material,large deformation and contact nonlinearity.Static loading tests were conducted to validate the accuracy and reliability of the FEM.The simulated results of the influence of camber angle on vertical stiffness,contact patch and pressure distribution are compared with experimental results and discussed in detail.The results show that the vertical stiffness decreases with the increase in camber angle;the pressure is mainly concentrated in the shoulder of flexible tire body;and the uniformity of the pressure distribution becomes worse as the camber angle increases.The research provides a theoretical reference for the study on the camber performance,the uneven wear of tread and the structure optimization.