江苏主栽粳稻品种的遗传与食味结构分析

摘要

Fiftyindica-japonicaspecific SSR markers were employed to genotype 86 conventionaljaponica rice cultivars mainly planted in Jiangsu province and 41 loci showed polymorphism among them. After amplifying in 86 rice varieties, a total of 113 alleles were detected at the 41 SSR loci, and the allele number ranged from two to six, with an average of 2.76 in each locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value of these 41 SSR markers ranged from 0.02 to 0.84, with an average value of 0.48; Nei’s expected heterozygosity value of the 41 markers ranged from 0.02 to 0.68, and the average value was 0.37. Based on the coefficient index ranged from 0.72 to 1.00, we divided the 86 cultivars into three groups by UPGMA. The analysis of taste quality traits investigated under different environments indicated that the taste quality of conventionaljaponica rice cultivars in Jiangsu was correlated with the genetic clustering. Under long-day (LD) condition, the amylose content (AC) and protein content (PC) manifested a tendency of group I > group II > group III, while the taste value (TV) was opposites. And under short-day (SD) con-dition, taste quality traits of group II and group III varied significantly compared with that under LD condition, while the traits of group I had no significant change. The results indicated that the main cultivars grown in Jiangsu have a general taste quality and narrow genetic background, broadening the genetic basis is an important approach to breedjaponica rice cultivars with environment- insensitivity and good eating quality.%利用SSR分子标记和主要食味性状分析江苏主栽粳稻品种的食味结构。50对SSR引物中有41对存在多态性,41对多态性标记在86个品种间共扩增出113个等位基因,每个标记的等位基因数目为2~6个,平均2.76个；多态信息含量(PIC值)变异范围为0.02~0.84,平均为0.48； Nei’s基因多样性指数变幅在0.02~0.68之间,平均为0.37；遗传聚类分析可将86个品种分为3个类群。在正季长日照情况下,品种间直链淀粉及蛋白质含量在遗传聚类的I、II、III类中呈现出递减的趋势,食味分值则反之；而在短日照条件下,第II、第III大类型品种的直链淀粉及蛋白质含量较正季显著升高,食味值显著下降,而第 I 类型品种降幅不大；总体而言,江苏主栽粳稻品种的食味一般且遗传背景相近,拓宽遗传基础是培育环境钝感型优质食味粳稻的重要途径。