The cost-benefit panel data of citrus of the five provinces in South China from 2001 to 2009 was used in this paper, and the stochastic production frontier was used to analyze the technical and productive efficiency of citrus farmers in each study region. The results showed that the technical efficiency of China's citrus production fluctuated with the time variations and the technical efficiency was different in each province, but the average technical efficiency was on rising trend; the citrus technical efficiency of Hunan, Guangdong and Zhejiang was much higher than other regions; labor cost, natural disaster and citrus pests and diseases are the main factors affecting the technical efficiency of citrus.%利用2001-2009年我国南方五大柑橘主产省份的成本收益面板数据,对柑橘生产技术效率及其影响因素建立随机前沿生产函数模型,对我国柑橘生产的技术效率进行了测算和分析.结果表明,各柑橘主产省份柑橘生产技术效率随时间波动较大且地区差异明显,平均生产技术效率呈上升趋势；从样本地区看,湖南、广东、浙江等地的柑橘生产技术效率高于其他地区；劳动力成本提高、自然灾害的发生和病虫害防治成本上升等因素,是柑橘生产技术效率波动的主要影响因素.
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