云南新产区杨梅枝枯的病原菌鉴定及土壤营养元素分析

摘要

为了明确云南新产区杨梅枝枯的原因,利用科赫氏法则确定了引起枝枯的病原菌,依据形态学特征,结合ITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并且对发病定植苗及其容器苗、健康定植苗和本地生长的杨梅树土壤元素含量进行了分析.结果表明:引起云南杨梅枝枯的病原菌为异色拟盘多毛孢菌(Pestalotiopsis versicolor);果园内的发病定植苗与健康定植苗相比,磷、硼、钾、钙、锌元素含量都显著升高,升高幅度在55.8%~511.5%,氮的含量也略有升高(9.2%),说明果园内的定植苗处于一种相对富营养的土壤环境;与本地生长的健康杨梅树土壤相比,容器内的植株土壤磷、钾含量大大升高,升高幅度为203.2%~431.6%,镁的含量也略有升高(27.6%),其他营养元素含量都显著降低,降低幅度为28.6%~96.9%,表明容器苗的土壤相对本地生长的健康杨梅树来说,各元素含量不太均衡.该研究结果可为指导云南杨梅新产区的病害防控提供依据.%In order to clarify the cause of bayberry twig blight in Yunnan Provinces pathogens were isolated and identified by Koch's rule, morphology and rDNA-ITS sequences.The soil nutrient contents of diseased planting-stocks, diseased container seedlings, healthy container seedlings and native healthy bayberry trees were tested.The results showed that the pathogens were identified as Pestalotiopsis versicolor.The contents of phosphorus, boron, potassium, calcium and zinc in diseased planting-stocks significantly increased with 55.8%-511.5% and nitrogen increased with 9.2%, compared with the healthy planting-stocks, which meaned that the planting-stocks grew in the rich-nutrient soil.In addition, compared with the natively healthy bayberry trees, phosphorus and potassium in the diseased container seedlings were significantly increased with 203.2% and 431.6%, respectively, magnesium increased with 27.6%, other nutrient contents were all decreased, with 28.6%-96.9%, which indicated that nutrient contents in container seedlings soil were imbalance.The results of this study provided important base for bayberry disease prevention and control in Yunnan Province.