收集具有代表性的BT型粳稻不育系、保持系及恢复系各11个,共配制121个杂交粳稻组合,就粳稻的亲本配合力等问题进行了较系统的研究,结果如下:配合力方差分析表明,不育系间、恢复系间及两者的互作均达极显著,说明杂交粳稻的多数性状是受亲本一般配合力(GCA)和组合特殊配合力(SCA)共同决定的,其中抽稳期、茎粗、穗弯曲度、着粒密度、单株穗数、穗总粒数不育系GCA的作用较大,株高、千粒重恢复系GCA的作用较大,结实率、穗实粒数、单株产量、单株花量、潜在库客组合SCA的作用较大.就外观品质而言,GCA较SCA重要,并且不育系GCA的作用相对较大,说明优质亲本的选用对优质杂交粳稻的培育至关重要.就蒸煮食用品质而言,不育系GCA的作用相对较小,主要由恢复系GCA和组合SCA所决定.%In this paper, 121 japonica rice hybrid combinations were prepared through crossing among the representative 11 CMS lines, 11 maintainer lines and 11 restoring lines of BT - type japonica rice, and the heterosis and combining ability of japonica rice parents were systemically studied. The variance analysis of combining ability indicated that there were highly significant differences in combining ability among CMS lines, among restoring lines and among their hybrid combinations, which demonstrated that most characters of hybrid japonica rice were codetermined by both parents' CCA and combinations SCA. The CCA of CMS lines had greater effects on heading date, stem width, curvature of panicle neck, grain density, spikes per plant and total grains per spike, the CCA of restoring lines had greater influences on plant height and 1000 -grain weight, and the SCA of combinations had greater influences on seed setting rate, filled grains per spike, yield per plant, spikelets per plant and potential storage. Regarding the appearance quality, CCA ( especially the CCA of CMS lines) was more important than SCA, showing that choosing good - quality parents played extremely important role in the breeding of good - quality hybrid japonica rice. Cooking and edible qualities were mainly controlled by the GCA of restoring lines and the SCA of combinations, while the CCA of CMS lines had little effects on them.
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