高碳基肥对舞阳烟区土壤特性和烟叶品质形成的影响

摘要

Five fertilization treatments ( CK, no fertilization; T1 , 5 kg pure nitrogen; T2 , 100 kg high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer+35. kg pure nitrogen;T3 , 200 kg high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer+3.5 kg pure nitrogen;T4 , 300 kg high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer+3.5 kg pure nitrogen) were set, and the effects of high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer applica-tion on the soil fertility, the characteristics of soil microorganisms, and the chemical properties and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco in Wuyang tobacco-growing area were studied through field tests.The results showed that: applying high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer significantly improved the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content ( T4>T2>T1>T3>CK ) and soil available phosphorus content ( T2>T1>T4>T3>CK) on the 30th day after transplanting;applying high-carbon biochar-based fer-tilizer could increase the quantity of bacteria (the highest in T2) and actinomycetes (the highest in T1) in soil on the 45th day af-ter transplanting;on the 120th day after transplanting, the soil fungal quantity in the treatments of applying high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer was higher than that in CK, and it was the highest in T4;in comparison with CK, the treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 increased the potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves by 13.1%, 15.9%, 19.6%and 9.3%, respectively, and decreased the chlorine content by 40.7%, 42.6%, 3.7%and 14.8%separately; the contents of benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, ben-zaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, megastigmatrienone and other important aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves were in-creased by the application of high-carbon biochar-based fertilizer.%采用田间试验的方法，研究了高碳基肥料对舞阳烟区土壤肥力、微生物特性、初烤烟叶化学性质以及香气物质含量的影响。结果表明：高碳基肥料在移栽后30 d，显著提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量，具体分别表现为：T4＞T2＞T1＞T3＞CK，T2＞T1＞T4＞T3＞CK；在移栽后45 d，高碳基肥料能够增加土壤中细菌和放线菌含量，分别以T2和T1处理最高；移栽后120 d施用高碳基肥料土壤中真菌数量均高于对照，以T4处理最高；与对照相比，各处理烤后烟叶钾含量分别提高13．1％、15．9％、19．6％、9．3％，氯含量分别降低40．7％、42．6％、3．7％、14．8％；高碳基肥料可以增加烤烟中苯甲醇、苯乙醇、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、巨豆三烯酮等重要致香物质含量。