Periodontal ligament may have independent response to orthodontic stimulation and thus initiate alveolar bone osteogenesis and osteoclasts. Orthodontic-induced alveolar bone remodeling has no bone loss,while inflammation can lead to alveolar bone loss,suggesting that force signal and inflammatory factors may induce the differentiation of undifferentiated cells in the periodontal ligament via different pathways. The strength of the force and the nature of the force (basal tension and fluid shear force) may affect the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells,and may produce antagonistic or synergistic effect with the inflammatory factors through complex autocrine and paracrine regulation,resulting in local bone reconstruction,which is manifested as bone deposition and bone absorption. Studies have shown that Wnt signaling is an important regulatory pathway for osteoblast differentiation. Inflammatory factors can block the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts. The Wnt pathway is closely related to the effects of force and inflammatory factors on the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells.%牙周膜具备独立应答正畸力刺激,启动牙槽骨成骨和破骨的可能.正畸力引起的牙槽骨改建没有骨量丢失,而炎症可导致牙槽骨进行性骨量丢失,提示力信号和炎症因子可能通过不同途径诱导牙周膜中未分化细胞的分化.力值强度和力的性质(基底牵张力、流体剪切力)可影响牙周膜细胞分化,并通过复杂的自分泌和旁分泌调节,与炎症因子的作用产生拮抗或协同效果,导致局部骨改建表现出骨沉积和骨吸收.研究显示,Wnt信号是成骨细胞分化的重要调节通路,炎症因子可阻断干细胞向成骨细胞分化,Wnt通路与力和炎症因子影响牙周膜细胞的分化密切相关.
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