俄国书刊审查制与俄国文学中的“伊索式语言”

摘要

The history of Russian censorship is almost as long as the Russian literature. And Russian literature reflects the strong vitality in the conflict with censorship, which won many paradox characteristics. When tracing Russian books and periodicals censorship in more than two centuries, the books and periodicals censorship officers showed the complexity of identity psychological and other aspects of situation. Russian books and periodicals censorship made the Russian literature into the formation of the socalled"Aesopian language". It has distinct theme and genre features and rich expressive force, which is a kind of powerful weapon for the Russian literature works on the reality. Russian literature, Russian censorship and Aesopian language constitute a triangle, which is a symbol of confrontation and compromise, harmonic and interaction in the aspect of the Russian regime, literature and language.%俄国书刊审查制的历史几乎与俄国文学一样长久，俄国文学在与书刊审查制的冲突中体现出强大活力，也因此获得诸多颇具悖论色彩的特质。追溯俄国书刊审查制两个多世纪的历史，展示俄国书刊审查官在身份和心理、处境和作为等方面呈现出复杂性。俄国书刊审查制作用于俄国文学的结果之一便是所谓“伊索式语言”的形成，具有鲜明题材和体裁特征并拥有丰富表现力的“伊索式语言”是俄国文学作用于现实的强大武器之一。俄国文学、俄国书刊审查制和“伊索式语言”构成一个文化三角形，象征着俄国政体、文学和语言这三者间的对峙与妥协，调和与互动。