俄国书刊审查起源及《1804年书刊审查条例》

摘要

For a country, the strength of its censorship is greatly related to its social development, its international and domestic situations and the preference of the rules, etc. This point is especially outstanding in Russia. The Censorship of Russia originally started from the religious field, then it was in the charge of the national education department, and afterwards its implementation was under the responsibilities of science institutes and universities. Along with the development of publishing industry and the change of social situation, the books Censorship in Russia gradually develops towards official and institutionalized directions, with constantly enlarging inspection scope and strengthened inspection organization.%对一个国家来说，书刊审查制度的强弱与社会的发展，与国家所处的国际国内形势，与统治者的喜好等有很大的关系，这点在俄国表现得较为突出。俄国的书刊审查最初产生于宗教领域，后由新成立的国民教育部负责，并将其交由科学院、大学执行。随着图书出版业的发展以及社会形势的变化，俄国的书刊审查逐渐走向了官方化、制度化，审查范围不断扩大，审查机构不断加强。