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Qualitative relational mapping and navigation for long-term robotic operation.

机译:长期机器人操作的定性关系映射和导航。

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摘要

The research presented in this work focuses on several aspects of the remote operation of ground vehicles, notably Navigation and Mapping for autonomous robots and the effects of time delay in tele-operated vehicles.;Navigation and mapping of large, unstructured spaces is achieved by accumulating constraints on the geometrical relationships between landmarks. These relationships are tracked using two qualitative representations of space, one based on qualitative angles between landmark triples, and a second which also considers qualitative edge lengths. For the first representation, measurements and graph inference are performed by way of manually computed lookup tables based on geometrical constraints on qualitative states. For the second representation, measurements are generated online using a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve a set of nonlinear feasibility problems, while lookup tables for inference are generated using a similar, offline approach. Estimates of the Relative Neighborhood Graph are extracted from the qualitative map and used to perform long-distance navigation.;The effects of human control of remote vehicles are considered, focusing on the question of how operators are able to compensate for time delays when teleoperating vehicles in continuous motion. Statistical models fit to experimental data using the Least Angle Regression and Sparse Multinomial Regression algorithms show that human operators anticipate future control needs by predicting rover motion forward through time to determine predicted off-track errors. The relative contributions of environmental features to model predictive power is used to determine how feature 'importance' varies as a function of time delay.
机译:这项工作的研究集中在地面车辆的远程操作的多个方面,尤其是自动驾驶机器人的导航和制图以及远程操作车辆中的时延的影响。通过累积,实现了大型,非结构化空间的导航和制图地标之间的几何关系的约束。使用两个空间的定性表示来跟踪这些关系,一个基于地标三元组之间的定性角度,第二个也考虑定性边缘长度。对于第一种表示,通过基于对定性状态的几何约束的手动计算的查找表来执行测量和图形推断。对于第二种表示,使用分支定界算法在线生成测量值以解决一组非线性可行性问题,而使用类似的离线方法生成用于推理的查找表。从定性地图中提取相对邻域图的估计值,并用于进行长距离导航。考虑到远程车辆的人为控制的影响,重点在于操作员如何在远程操作车辆时补偿时间延迟的问题在连续运动中。使用最小角度回归和稀疏多项式回归算法拟合实验数据的统计模型表明,操作员可以通过预测随时间推移的漫游车运动来确定预测的离轨误差,从而预测未来的控制需求。环境特征对预测能力建模的相对贡献用于确定特征“重要性”如何随时间延迟而变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    McClelland, Mark J.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.;Engineering Robotics.;Computer Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 164 p.
  • 总页数 164
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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