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Ecology and management of overabundant white-tailed deer from suburban Chicago, Illinois.

机译:伊利诺伊州芝加哥郊区过多的白尾鹿的生态和管理。

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摘要

Burgeoning numbers of deer in metropolitan areas has increased human-deer conflicts and management of overabundant deer continues to frustrate agencies nationwide. However, the natural and/or human-induced mechanisms that normally influence suburban deer populations are poorly understood. We marked 208 (60 bucks, 148 does) white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 8 forest preserves in suburban Chicago, Illinois (1994–98). Additionally, we culled 4,645 deer (1,769 bucks, 2,876 does) from 33 forest preserves near Chicago, Illinois (1989–2000) including 1,869 deer (751 bucks, 1,118 does) from the 10 km2 Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve (WFGFP; 1992–2000).; Seasonal and annual survivorship were >0.80 for does and bucks. Deer-vehicle collisions produced the highest mortality rates and survival in does was negatively associated with access to roads within their home ranges. Dispersal for does was 7% for fawns and 6% for yearlings and adults; and for bucks 50% for fawns and 7% for yearlings and adults. High survival and philopatry by suburban deer contribute to overabundance in metropolitan areas.; Nearly 17% of fawns bred annually, averaging 1.07 fetuses/pregnant doe (n = 70, 95% CI:0.95–1.19). Greater than 96% of yearling and adult does bred annually, averaging 1.61 and 1.97 fetuses/pregnant doe, respectively. Gross recruitment rate had a negative linear relationship with density (r = 0.76, P = 0.02), suggesting density dependence at WFGFP. Increasing reproduction in all does and increasing survival of neonates at lower population densities counteracted the effects of changing sex and age structure at WFGFP.; We used empirical data to construct a suburban deer population model using STELLA 5.0 software. For 8 years (1992–1999), the preremoval model estimates predicted independently recorded deer-vehicle collisions ( r = 0.91, P 0.001) and population reconstructions (r = 0.88, P 0.001) for WFGFP. Subtracting the annual number of males and females culled from WFGFP resulted in postremoval population estimates that also predicted reported deer-vehicle collisions (r = 0.73, P 0.007) and reconstructed population (r = 0.62, P 0.02).; These data will help to fill a void in our knowledge about suburban deer life histories and population dynamics and, thereby provide information essential for the management of overabundant deer.
机译:大都市地区鹿的数量激增,加剧了人与鹿之间的冲突,对过量鹿的管理继续使全国各地的机构感到沮丧。但是,人们通常很少了解通常会影响郊区鹿种群的自然和/或人为机制。我们在伊利诺伊州芝加哥郊区(1994-98)的8个森林保护区中标记了208只(60美元,148只)白尾鹿( Odocoileus virginianus )。此外,我们从伊利诺伊州芝加哥市(1989-2000)附近的33个森林保护区中剔除了4,645鹿(1,769美元,2,876做),包括从10 km 2 瀑布格伦出发的1,869鹿(751美元,1,118做)森林保护区(WFGFP; 1992-2000)。金钱和金钱的季节性和年度生存率均> 0.80。鹿与汽车的碰撞导致最高的死亡率,而确实的生存与进入其本国范围内的道路有负面关系。小鹿的散布率为7%,一岁和成年的散布率为6%。小鹿的价格为50%,一岁鸽和成年人的价格为7%。郊区鹿的高生存率和成年率导致大都市地区的资源过剩。每年有近17%的小鹿繁殖,平均每只母鹿1.07胎( n = 70,95%CI:0.95-1.19)。一岁以上和成年的成年人中,有超过96%的人每年繁殖,分别平均有1.61和1.97胎儿/母鹿。总募集率与密度呈负线性关系( r = 0.76, P = 0.02),表明WFGFP的密度依赖性。在较低的人口密度下,所有婴儿的生殖能力均得到提高,存活率提高,这抵消了WFGFP性别和年龄结构改变的影响。我们使用经验数据使用STELLA 5.0软件构建郊区鹿种群模型。在过去的8年中(1992-1999年),去除模型的估计值预测独立记录了鹿与车辆的碰撞( r = 0.91, P <0.001)和种群重建( WFGFP的r = 0.88, P <0.001)。减去每年从WFGFP中剔除的雄性和雌性的数量,得出的撤离后人口估计数也预测了报告的鹿与汽车的碰撞( r = 0.73, P <0.007)和重建的人口( r = 0.62, P <0.02)。这些数据将有助于填补我们对郊区鹿生活史和种群动态的了解的空白,从而为管理过多的鹿提供必不可少的信息。

著录项

  • 作者

    Etter, Dwayne Robert.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Zoology.; Agriculture Forestry and Wildlife.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 107 p.
  • 总页数 107
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学(生物生态学);动物学;森林生物学;
  • 关键词

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