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Effects of genetic background and dietary immunomodulators on chicken heterophil function and Salmonella resistance.

机译:遗传背景和饮食免疫调节剂对鸡异嗜性功能和沙门氏菌抗性的影响。

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摘要

Immune responses in poultry can be influenced by genetic background, nutrition, environment and management, or any combination of the above. Chicken heterophils are the first line of defense that can launch a series of intra- and extracellular antimicrobial mechanisms. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a causative agent of a bacterial foodborne illness, commonly occurring after consumption of contaminated eggs and meat. In 2008, SE affected 3 out of 100,000 U.S. inhabitants on average and it is now receiving increased public awareness. The limited scope of current knowledge about basis for the difference in heterophil responses during and after exposure to immunomodulators prompted the study of heterophil defense mechanisms against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection in three genetically distinct chicken lines (Leghorn, broiler and Fayoumi) supplemented with dietary immunomodulators (beta-glucan, ascorbic acid and corticosterone).;We hypothesize that heterophil function in three genetic chicken lines during exposure to dietary immunomodulators and challenge with SE will be significantly different. To test the hypothesis, we have isolated blood heterophils from three diverse chicken genetic lines; [outbred broiler and two highly inbred layer lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi)] that were fed diet supplemented with immunomodulators (beta-glucan, ascorbic acid and cortisol) and challenged with SE. We used heterophil extracellular trap release (HETs, phagocytosis, bacterial killing and oxidative burst to determine heterophil function differences from different treatment groups.;The emphasis of this dissertation was on the role of genetic background and dietary immunomodulators on chicken heterophil function in order to prevent and control SE colonization and shedding, using selected breeds of chickens. First, the baseline heterophil function was monitored in vitro using oxidative burst, phagocytosis and bacterial killing to study intracellular killing mechanisms. Additionally, HETs-DNA release has been for the first time described in avian species and used to explore a potential role of extracellular heterophil killing. We compared the responses of different chicken lines with dietary immunomodulatory effects when exposed to SE challenge. In vivo heterophil function and bacterial clearance by bacterial cultures were evaluated in both challenged and non-challenged chickens.;The responses of chicken heterophils to dietary immunomodulators and SE challenge were significantly influenced by genetic background, and dietary immunomodulators have significant effect on heterophil function in both non-challenged and challenged chickens. Increased SE clearance in challenged birds that were fed with supplemented diet was also observed. This dissertation provides evidence of the significant role of the genetic background of chicken innate immune system and its responses to dietary immunomodulation and disease challenge. The results of the studies presented in this dissertation support the use of dietary immunomodulators to manipulate heterophil function in chickens from the same genetic background. The modification of the immune system of chickens with targeted genetic selection and diet supplementation in production settings can lead to improved SE (disease) resistance and reduced risk of food borne illnesses.
机译:家禽的免疫反应可能会受到遗传背景,营养,环境和管理方式或以上因素的组合的影响。鸡异嗜性是可以启动一系列细胞内和细胞外抗菌机制的第一道防线。肠炎沙门氏菌肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)是细菌性食源性疾病的病原,通常在食用受污染的鸡蛋和肉后发生。 2008年,东南部地区平均影响了100,000名美国居民中的3名,现在它的公众意识正在增强。暴露于免疫调节剂期间和之后,关于异源性反应差异的基础的当前知识范围有限,这促使研究了补充三种遗传上不同的鸡系(Leghorn,肉鸡和Fayoumi)对肠炎沙门氏菌肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)感染的异源防御机制的研究。我们假设在三个基因鸡品系中,当暴露于饮食免疫调节剂和用SE攻击时,异种亲子的功能将有显着差异。假设与饮食免疫调节剂(β-葡聚糖,抗坏血酸和皮质酮)接触。为了验证这一假设,我们从三种不同的鸡遗传系中分离了血液异源性。 [外来肉鸡和两个高度近交的蛋鸡品系(Leghorn和Fayoumi)],饲喂日粮并添加免疫调节剂(β-葡聚糖,抗坏血酸和皮质醇)并用SE攻击。我们使用异源性细胞外陷阱释放(HET,吞噬作用,细菌杀灭和氧化爆发)来确定不同治疗组之间异源性功能的差异。;本论文的重点是遗传背景和饮食免疫调节剂对鸡异源性功能的作用,以防止首先,通过氧化猝灭,吞噬作用和细菌杀伤作用体外监测基线异嗜性功能,以研究细胞内杀伤机制;此外,首次描述了HETs-DNA的释放在禽类中进行了研究,并用于探讨细胞外异源性杀伤的潜在作用,我们比较了不同鸡系在暴露于SE激发后的饮食免疫调节效应,并分别在激发和非激发下评估了细菌培养的体内异养功能和细菌清除率挑战的鸡。遗传背景显着影响了鸡异嗜性饮食免疫调节剂和SE激发的反应,而饮食免疫调节剂对非挑战性和挑战性鸡的异嗜性功能都有显着影响。还观察到用补充饮食喂养的挑战鸟类的SE清除率增加。本文为鸡先天免疫系统的遗传背景及其对饮食免疫调节和疾病挑战的反应提供了重要的证据。本文提出的研究结果支持使用饮食免疫调节剂来操纵具有相同遗传背景的鸡的异嗜性功能。通过在生产环境中进行有针对性的基因选择和饮食补充来改变鸡的免疫系统,可以提高对SE(疾病)的抵抗力,并减少食源性疾病的风险。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chuammitri, Phongsakorn.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Microbiology.;Agriculture Animal Pathology.;Biology Veterinary Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 169 p.
  • 总页数 169
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:37:21

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