Early study shows that the application of smart antennas can increase system capacity and performance in mobile communication. Because of the increasing need to accommodate more users in the current available spectrum, antenna array is the modern approach being considered to estimate direction of arrival (DOA), track moving sources and signal detection. With the advances in semiconductor and antenna technologies it becomes very attractive to develop new techniques to enhance the capabilities of antenna array in many areas such as radar systems, sonar, ultrasound imaging systems, mobile communications, etc. Most of the earlier works were concentrated only in estimating or tracking the angle of arrival of the emitting source by using either a subspace based technique or a Kalman type algorithm. This has a shortcoming, especially for rapidly moving sources. In this thesis, methods have been proposed to estimate both the angle of arrival and velocity of moving sources. In particular, we focus on a nonparametric approach to evaluate both the angle of arrival and angular velocity of a moving source using planar array. The combined DOA and angular velocity estimation algorithm is defined as DOAV in this thesis.; It is apparent that uncertainties are present in both antenna arrays as well as in the target models. Therefore, a major thrust of this thesis is also directed toward robust parameter estimation of moving sources. Consequently, new techniques have been developed to estimate the source parameters i.e. azimuth, elevation and angular velocities in the presence of uncertainties.
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