声明
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Origin of sheep
2.2 Gastrointestinal tract physiology of sheep
2.3 Gastrointestinal Nematodes (GINs)
2.4 Impact of GIN infection on:
2.4.1 Feed intake
2.4.2 Growth
2.4.3 Nutrient digestibility and absorption
2.4.4 Endogenous protein and amino acids
2.4.5 Mineral metabolism and absorption
2.4.6 Production and reproductive performances
2.5 Laboratory diagnosis of GINs
2.5.1 Fecal egg count
2.5.2 Fecal culture
2.5.3 Packed cell volume
2.5.4 Eosinophils
2.5.5 Immunoglobulin A
2.5.6 Immunoglobulin G
2.5.7 Immunoglobulin M
2.6 Farm diagnosis
2.6.1 FAMACHA system
2.7 Control method of GINs
2.7.1 Chemical method
2.7.2 Ethnoveterinary
2.7.3 Pasture management
2.7.4 Biological method
2.7.5 Genetic method
2.7.6 Mineral supplementation
2.7.7 Protein supplementation
2.8 Protein degradation and digestion
2.9 Factors affecting protein degradation
2.9.1 Animal
2.9.2 Diet
2.10 Protein sources
2.10.1 Plant protein
2.10.2 Animal Protein
CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Study site
3.2 Experimental diets
3.3.1 Feed samples preparation
3.3.2 Rumen fluid collection
3.4 Experiment 2-Experimental animals
3.5 Infection protocol
3.6 Feed intake and body weight
3.7 FAMACHA scores and FEC
3.8 ELISA IgA, IgG and Ig M
3.9 Nutrient intake and digestibility
3.10 Chemical analysis
3.11 Fermentation parameters
3.12 Experiment 3-Catheterization of lambs
3.13 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS
4.1In vitro degradability
4.2 Growth performance
4.2.1 Feed intake
4.2.2 Body weight gain
4.2.3 Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency
4.3 Parasitological parameters
4.3.1 FAMACHA scores and FEC
4.3.2 Association between FAMACHA scores, ADFI, ADG, FE and FEC
4.3.3 Serum antibodies
4.4 pH and volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
4.5 Nutrient intake and digestibility
4.6 Plasma amino acids
4.7 Amino acid balance index (AABI)
4.8 Correlation between CP degradability, AABI, ADG, immunoglobulins and FEC
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussions
5.2 Conclusion
致谢
参考文献
吉林农业大学;
