声明
Contents
摘要
ABSTRACT
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
References
Chapter 1 Review of literature：Selenium
1．1 Selenium
1．2 Selenium History
1．3 Forms of Selenium
1．3 Selenium Metabolism
1．4 Dietary Sources of Selenium
1．5 Selenium Defieiency
1．6 Selenium Toxicity
1．7 Selenoprotein
1．8 Anfioxidant Enzyme
1．9 Selenium Yeast
1．10 Studies on the Effect of Selenium on Liver Dysfunction
Chapter 2 Review of Literature：Astragalus
2．1 Astragalus Membranaceus
2．2 Astragalus Membranaceus History
2．3 Chemical Composition
2．4 Astragalus as Medieinal Plants
2．5 Toxicity of Astragalus
Chapter 3 Review of Literature：Gum Arabic
3．1 Gum Arabic
3．2 Gum Arabic Background and Traditional Uses
3．3 The Chemical Composition of GA
3．4 Pharmacological Effects of GA
3．5 Toxicity of GA
Chapter 4 Inactivation of Kupffer Cells by Selenizing Astragalus Polysaccharides Prevents CCl4-Induced Hepatocellular Necrosis in the Male Wistar Rat
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2．4 Induction of Hepatocellular Necrosis and Study Design with the Selected Dose of sAPS
2．5 Determination of Serum Enzymes
2．6 Determination of Serum T-AOC，GSH-Px，SOD and MDA
2．7 GSH Activity Assay of Liver Homogenate
2．8 Histopathology Examination
2．9 Immunohistochemistry Assay
2．12 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
3．3 Effects of Aps，SS，SS+APS or sAPS3on GSH Levels in Liver Tissues
3．4 T-AOC，GSH-Px，SOD and MDA Levels
3．5 Histopathological Examination
3．6 Effects of sAPS3 On the Expression of KCs Specific Biomarker CD68
3．7 Effects of sAPS3on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines Produced by Activated KCs
3．8 Effects of sAPS3 on the Autophagy Impairment in KCs after CCl4 Teatment
4 Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Amelioration of CCl4-Induced Chronic Liver injury in Rats by Selenizing Astragalus Polysaccharides：Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines，Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Stellate Cells
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2．1 Chemicals
2．2 Preparation of Selenizing Astragalus Polysaccharides(sAPS)
2．3 Animals and Experiment Design
2．4 Biochemical Estimation of Serum Enzymes
2．5 Antioxidants Activity Assay of Liver Homogenate
2．6 Hepatic Hydroxyproline Assay of Liver Homogenate
2．7 Histopathology
2．8 Immunohistochemistry
2．9 RNA Extraction And Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay(qRT-PCR)
2．10 Statistical Analysis
3．Results
3．1 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on Body and Liver Weight
3．2 Biochemical Estimation of Serum Enzymes
3．3 Estimation of Total Serum Protein
3．4 Histopathological Examination
3．5 Immunohistochemistry Staining
3．6 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on Hydroxyproline Content in Liver Tissues
3．7 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on T-AOC Levels，the Antioxidant Activities of GSH-Px and SOD in Liver Tissues
3．8 Malondialdehyde Assays(MDA)
3．9 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on Antioxidant-Related Genes Expression of The Liver Tissues
3．10 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on Proinflammtory Cytokines and NF-κB Expression of the Liver Tissues
3．11 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on the Apoptosis-Related Genes Expression of Liver Tissues
3．12 Effects of APS，SS，and sAPS3 on the Expression of Fibrogenic Indicators of the Liver Tissues
4 Discussions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 The Potential Combined Effect of Selenium enriched yeast and Gum Arabic on the Oxidative Damage Induced by CCl4 and its Underlying Mechanisms in Rats
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2．1 Chemicals
2．2 Animals and Experimental Design
2．3 Serum Analysis of Liver Enzymes
2．4 Estimation of Hepatic Oxidative Stress Markers
2．5 Histopatholog)'Evaluation
2．6 Immunohistochemistry Examination
2．7 Immunofluoreseenee Assay
2．8 RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2．9 Wetern Blotting Analysis
2．10 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
3．1 Liver Enzymes Analysis
3．2 Histopathological Changes
3．3 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Liver Antioxidant Marker Enzymes
3．5 Effeets of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Liver Antioxidant Related Genes Expression
3．6 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Hepatic Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression
3．7 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Hepatic Caspase-3 Expression
4 Discussions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 The Hepatoprotective Effect of selenium-enriched yeast and Gum Arabic Combination on CCl4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2．1 Chemicals
2．2 Diets，Animals and Experimental Design
2．3 Biochemical Estimation of the Liver Function
2．7 Immunohistochemistry Examination
2．8 Immunofluorescence Examination
2．9 mRNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR Determination
2．10 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
3．1 Effects of GA，SY，GA+SY on General Features
3．2 Determination of Serum Enzymes and Total Protein
3．3 Histopathological Changes
3．4 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on the Liver Hydroxyproline Content
3．5 Effects of GA，SY and GA+SY on Hepatic Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
3．6 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on the Inflammation-Related Genes
3．7 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Liver Regeneration
3．8 Effects of GA，SY，and GA+SY on Liver Fibrosis Markers
4 Discussions
Conclusion
References
General Conelusions
Publications
Innovations
Acknowledgement
南京农业大学;
