商务话语误解的认知语用学分析

摘要

商务话语误解这一现象一直是语言学家、社会学家和商务人士等所关注的课题。因此，在关联理论的框架下本文对商务话语误解的现象、后果、认知原因以及如何有效的处理误解的方法进行了仔细的研究。
　　 本文选取了大量来源于商务场合的案列，并对此进行了细致的分析，从而使得隐藏在商务话语误解现象背后的误解成因得以被发现。本文主要有以下两点发现。
　　 一方面，在关联理论的指导下，导致商务场合话语误解的原因被指出。根据该理论，说话人和听话人都对商务话语误解的产生负有一定的责任。如果说话人对听话人的商务语境资源预设失误，就会对听话人产生明示性差、关联度弱的话语，从而会使其产生错误的推断，这样，话语误解就产生了。从听话人的角度来看，听话人的商务知识差异、商业经验和注意焦点的变化等三个认知因素也会影响他的商务语境假设的正确选择。因此，这些认知因素都会导致商务话语误解的产生。
　　 另一方面，作者也提供了一些减少乃至避免商务话语误解产生的方法。说话人和听话人都需要对避免误解的产生付出一定的努力。首先，说话人应当提供商务语境下足够的明示;第二，说话人应当为听话人的推理提供足够明确和清晰的预设信息;第三，双方都需要关注商务话题的变换;最后，双方都需高度关注商务认知语境。
　　 因此，对商务话语误解产生认知因素的研究不仅能深化对误解成因的理解，也能增加关联理论的学术价值。此外，对发生在商务交流中误解成因以及减少这种误解的方法的分析对研究其他语言误解现象和跨文化交际中存在的误解也有着非常宝贵的价值。

目录

声明

Acknowledgements

Abstract

摘要

Contents

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Brief Introduction to the Misunderstandings in Business Language

1．1．1 Definition of Business Language

1．1．2 Phenomenon of Misunderstanding in Business Language

1．2 Purposes of This Study

1．3 Research Methodology

1．4 Outline of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2．1 Introduction

2．2 Studies of the Definition of Business Language

2．2．1 Studies of the Definition of Business Language abroad

2．2．2 Studies of the Definition of Business Language at Home

2．3 Studies of the Misunderstandings in Business Language

2．3．1 Studies of the Misunderstandings in Business Language Abroad

2．3．2 Misunderstandings in Business Language at Home

2．4 Summary

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework

3．1 Introduction

3．2 The Main Theory of the Cognitive Pragmatics

3．2．1 A Brief Introduction to Cognitive Pragmatics

3．2．2 The Foundation of the Cognitive Pragmatics

3．3 Relevance Theory

3．3．1 A Brief Introduction to Relevance Theory

3．3．2 Development of Relevance Theory

3．3．3 Ostensive-inferential Communication

3．3．4 Relevance and Optimal Relevance

Chapter Four Analysis of the Misunderstandings in Business Language from the Perspective of Relevance Theory

4．1 Ostension Problems on the Part of Speakers

4．1．1 Lack of Ostention in Business Context

4．1．2 Overinformativeness

4．1．3 Underinformativeness

4．1．4 Ambiguous Business Ostention

4．1．5 Improper Business Ostentation

4．2 Inference Indeterminacies on the Part of Hearers

4．2．1 Sterotypical Mentality

4．2．2 Closeness Option Mentality

4．3 Causes of Misunderstanding in Business Language

4．3．1 Business Knowledge Discrepancy

4．3．2 Experience Conflict

4．3．3 Attention Variation

4．4 Methods to Reduce or Avoid the Phenomenon of Misunderstanding in Business Language

4．4．1 Providing Sufficient Ostension by the Speaker in Business Context

4．4．2 Providing Sufficiently Clear and Explicit Presupposition

4．4．3 Paying Attention to the Change of the Business Subject

4．4．5 Paying Attention to the Business Cognitive Context

4．3 Summary

Chapter Five Conclusion

5．1 Findings and Implications of the Present Study

5．2 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Further Study

References