模糊语在英语新闻报道中的语用研究——从顺应理论的角度

摘要

模糊语言是语言交际中的普遍现象。许多学者在哲学，语义学及语用学等领域对这一现象进行了研究和探讨。本文在收集权威新闻网站英语新闻报道的基础上，主要运用定性和描述分析的方法，借助Verschueren的顺应性理论，对新闻报道中的模糊语言进行语用分析和研究，旨在寻求以下两个问题的答案：(1)英语新闻报道中模糊语言在词汇层面、句法层面和跨文本层面是如何实现的?(2)新闻记者在新闻报道中使用模糊语言的原因有那些?有哪些语用功能?根据Verschueren所提出的语言的三大特点以及语言顺应的四个角度，本文对模糊语进行了的定性分析。从政治、经济、体育、娱乐、科技这五大类新闻中各抽取了样章对模糊词进行了详尽的分析。通过分析发现，新闻记者在报道中使用模糊语言主要是为了顺应读者和记者本人的心理，即顺应提供恰当信息量需要，顺应新闻准确、灵活、客观、及时等基本要求以及顺应客观条件——顺应缺乏确切或足够信息情况而采取的一种有效而恰当的策略。由此可以进一步得出结论：模糊语言是新闻记者进行语言选择和语言顺应的结果。模糊语言在新闻报道中有四个语用功能：即传达适当的信息量；防止绝对化；增强新闻语言的可信度及免于承担责任的功能。本文对新闻报道中的模糊语言的探讨，可以扩展并深化对模糊语言现象的研究，并在一定程度上提供一些指导或启示，同时也可以帮助记者在新闻撰稿中更恰当得体地使用模糊语言，帮助读者更好的理解记者在新闻报道中使用模糊语言的目的。除此之外，本研究在一定程度上也可以指导学生以更恰当得体的方式学习新闻报道的撰写。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

声明

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

1.2 The Significance of the Study

1.3 Data Collection and Research Method

1.4 Structure of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 The Definition of Vagueness

2.2 Ambiguity, Generality and Fuzziness

2.2.1 Ambiguity

2.2.2 Generality

2.2.3 Fuzziness

2.3 The Treatment of the Term "Vagueness" in This Thesis

2.4 A Brief Review of Vagueness Research

2.4.1 Previous Studies on Vagueness Abroad

2.4.2 Previous Studies on Vagueness at Home

Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundations

3.1 A General Introduction to Adaptation Theory

3.1.1 Three Properties of Language Use-Variability, Negotiability, and Adaptability

3.1.2 Four Angles of Investigation

3.2 Features of News

3.3 Classification of News

Chapter 4 Linguistic Realization in English News Reporting

4.1 The Reasons for the Existence of Vague Language in News Reporting

4.1.1 The Objective Reasons

4.1.2 The Subjective Reasons

4.2 Linguistic Realization of Vague Language in English News Reporting

4.2.1 Vagueness on Lexical Level

4.2.2 Vagueness on Syntactic Level

4.2.3 Vagueness on Cross-Textual Level

4.3 Vague Language by Choice of Vague Words

4.3.1 Vague Words in Political News (25)

4.3.2 Vague Words in Economic News (26)

4.3.3 Vague Words in Sports News (27)

4.3.4 Vague Words in Entertainment News (28)

4.3.5 Value Words in Technological News (29)

Chapter 5 The Pragmatic Analysis of Adaptation in English News Reporting

5.1 The Realization of Adaptation in the English News Reporting

5.1.1 Variability and Negotiability Displayed in the Process of Adaptation

5.1.2 Adaptation to the Mental World

5.1.3 Adaptation to the Social world

5.2 The Pragmatic Functions of Employment of Vague Language in English News Reporting

5.2.1 Giving the Right Amount of Information

5.2.2 Preventing Speaking in an Absolute Way

5.2.3 Increasing the Credibility of News Reporting

5.2.4 Protecting from Taking Responsibilities

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6.1 Summary

6.2 Limitations and Suggestion in Further Research

Bibliography

Appendix

Acknowledgements

Publications