文摘
英文文摘
声明
Acknowledgements
Chapter One Introduction
1.1Setting the scene
1.2 The purpose and significance of the research
1.3 Rationale and research method
1.4 Organization of the dissertation
Chapter Two Literature review
2.1 Politeness in general
2.1.1 The definition of politeness
2.1.2 “Negative” and negative emotions
2.2 Politeness in terms of principles and maxims
2.2.1 Leech's Politeness
2.2.2 Lakoff's concept of politeness
2.2.3 Gu Yueguo's concept of politeness principle
2.2.4 Brown and Levinson's politeness theory
2.3 Studies on negative politeness
Chapter Three Realization of negative politeness
3.1 Brown and Levinson' five strategies in negative politeness
3.2 The realization of negative politeness in vocabulary level
3.3 The realization of negative politeness in syntax level
3.4 The realization of negative politeness in discourse level
3.5 Summary
Chapter Four Social and Cultural Factors in Negative Politeness
4.1 Social Factors
4.1.1 Power
4.1.2 Social Distance
4.2 Cultural Factors
4.2.1 Combination of direct and indirect thinking ways
4.2.2 Individualism
4.2.3 Modesty
4.2.4 Respect of privacy
4.2.5 Gentility
4.3 Summary
Chapter Five Negative Politeness and Chinese Culture
5.1 Negative politeness and traditional Chinese philosophy
5.2 Some changes of the concept of politeness in China
5.3 Realization of negative politeness in Chinese context
5.4 Summary
Chapter Six Conclusion
6.1 Overview
6.2 Implications
6.3 Limitation of the study
6.4 Suggestions for further research
Bibliography
Appendix