关于外向型汉英学习词典中引入隐喻信息的研究

摘要

随着汉语学习在世界各地越来越受欢迎，许多专门针对国外汉语学习者的单语或双语词典相继出版。然而这些字典并不十分令人满意，其中的一些编排打断了各词目间的自然语义关系，没能揭示其中的认知动机，进而使外国人难以掌握汉语词汇并扩大词汇量。编纂一部更好的外向型汉英学习词典已成为当务之急。
　　传统观点认为隐喻只是一种修辞方式，与字面语言有很大差别。然而现代隐喻理论认为隐喻是一种思维，一种认知方式。作为隐喻的工作机制，从源域到目标域的映射使得人类能够运用具体的概念体验和理解抽象的概念。隐喻是认知的有力工具，是产生词义的重要方式:通过隐喻映射一个词的本义可以扩展到其他的义项。这种隐喻化过程应在外向型汉英学习词典中有所体现以激发并在学习者心目中建立一个词汇和语义系统。将隐喻信息引入外向型汉英学习词典，将在很大程度上改善当今外向型汉英学习词典存在的不足，对于更好地促进外国学习者的汉语学习和培养他们的隐喻能力具有十分重要的意义。
　　本文简单分析了传统隐喻理论并详细分析了概念隐喻理论，包括概念隐喻的哲学基础，性质、工作机制、类型及其对外语学习和双语词典编纂的意义。接着本文分析了汉语中的隐喻词汇，包括隐喻词汇的不同类型、隐喻词汇的源域所涉及的语义场以及隐喻词汇与文化的关系。
　　在上述研究的基础上，本文进一步探讨了如何将隐喻信息引入外向型汉英学习词典的宏观结构、微观结构和中观结构的问题。结合对三部现有汉英词典的分析比较，作者在对外向型汉英学习词典中的词目排列、词性标注、释义、义项排列、例证、使用说明和互相参照等方面提出了试探性建议。

目录

声明

Abstract

摘要

Table of Contents

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Rationale for the Research

1．2 Significance of the Research

1．3 Layout of the Thesis

Chapter Two An Overview of Previous Studies on Metaphor

2．1 Traditional Theories of Metaphor

2．1．1 Comparison Theory

2．1．2 Substitution Theory

2．1．3 Interaction Theory

2．2 Contemporary Theory of Metaphor

2．2．1 Philosophical Basis of Metaphor

2．2．2 Conceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Expression

2．2．3 Cross-domain Mapping

2．2．4 Classification of Conceptual Metaphors

2．2．5 Features of Conceptual Metaphor

2．2．6 Conceptual Metaphor and Foreign Language Learning

2．2．7 Conceptual Metaphor and Bilingual Lexicography

Chapter Three Metaphorical Words in Chinese

3．1 Types of Chinese Metaphorical Words

3．1．1 Types of Chinese Metaphorical Words Based on Their Grammatical Functions

3．1．2 Types of Chinese Metaphorical Words Based on Semantic Structure

3．2 Semantic Fields that Source Domains of Metaphorical Words are Involved in

3．2．1 Semantic Field of Human Body and Organs

3．2．2 Semantic Field of Animals

3．2．3 Semantic Field of Plants

3．2．4 Semantic Field of Colors

3．2．5 Semantic Field of Food

3．2．6 Semantic Field of Spatial Orientations

3．3 Metaphorical Words and Culture

Chapter Four Incorporation of Metaphorical Information into C-E Dictionaries for CFL Learners

4．1 Differences between C-E Dictionaries for CFL Learners and C-E Dictionaries for Chinese Native Speakers

4．2 Metaphorical Information in Macrostructure

4．3 Metaphorical Information in Microstructure

4．3．1 Pan-of-Speech Tagging

4．3．2 Definition

4．3．3 Sense Ordering

4．3．4 Examples

4．3．5 Usage Note

4．4 Metaphorical Information in Mediostructure

Chapter Five Conclusion

5．1 A Summary of the Present Thesis

5．2 Major Findings of the Present Thesis

5．3 Limitations of the Present Study

5．4 Suggestions for the Further Study

Appendix-List of the Abbreviations Used in the Thesis

References

Acknowledgements