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肯尼亚特殊学校与特殊班中的盲聋学生社会交往研究

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目录

文摘

英文文摘

论文说明:List of Tables、List of Figures、Abbreviations

声明

Acknowledgement

Chapter One Background to the Study

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Overview of the Education System in Kenya

1.1.1 Special Needs Education in Kenya

1.1.2 Education of Children and Youths with Deafblindness in Kenya

1.2 Pupils with Deafblindness as the Research Population.

1.2.1 The Complex Handicap of Auditory and Visual Impairments

1.2.2 Definition of Research Problem

1.2.3 Selection of Research Questions

1.2.4 Description of the Research Provinces/Sites

1.3 Justification and Significance of the Research Project

1.4 Definitions and clarifications of Some Central Concepts used in this Study

1.5 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study

Chapter Two Theoretical Framework and Literature Review

2.1 Deafblindness: Definitions and Theoretical Overview

2.2 Acquired Deafblindness

2.3 Some Possible Effects of Congenital Deafblindness

2.3.1 Problems in Orientation and Mobility

2.3.2 Social Adjustment Problems

2.3.3 Problems in Communicating

2.4 Deafblindness and Learning

2.4.1 Congenitally Deafblind

2.4.2 Congenital or Early Loss of Vision and Hearing

2.4.3 Early Loss of One Sense with Later Loss of the Other

2.4.4 Progressive Deafblindness

2.5 Description of Children who are Deafblind in Kenya

2.5.1 High Functioning

2.5.2 Moderate Functioning

2.5.3 Low Functioning

2.6 Deafblindness and Social Interaction

2.6.1 Interaction with People

2.6.2 Social Interaction through Activities

2.6.3 Facilities for enhancing social interaction

2.7 Modes of communication

2.7.1 Speech

2.7.2 Sign Language

2.7.3 Hand Gesture

2.7.4 Body Contact

2.7.5 Facial Expression

2.7.6 Eye Gaze

2.8 Communication,Language and Speech

2.8.1 Communication

2.8.2 Speech

2.8.3 Functional Communication

2.8.4 Communication and Deatblindness

2.8.5 Some Communication Modes of Persons with Deafblindness

Chapter Three Research Design and Methodology

3.1 Research Pattern

3.2 Research Design

3.3 The Study Area

3.4 Target Population

3.5 Sampling Procedure

3.5.1 Sample

3.5.2 Schools

3.5.3 Children with Deafblindness

3.5.4 Teachers

3.5.5 Parents

3.5.6 Housemothers

3.6 Methods of Collecting Data

3.6.1 Interviews

3.6.2 Other Methods of Data Collection

3.7 Triangulation

3.8 Categorising Data

Chapter Four Presentation and Analysis of Results

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Description of the Research Schools and Units.

4.2 Case Ruta Hassan

4.2.1 People Interacting with Ruta

4.2.2 Activities that Ruta is involved in

4.2.3 Facilities used by Ruta for Social Interaction

4.2.4 Modes of Communication used in interacting with Ruta

4.3 Case Hamisi Mbwana

4.3.1 People Interacting with Hamisi

4.3.2 Activities that Hamisi is involved in

4.3.3 Facilities used by Hamisi for Social Interaction

4.3.4 Modes of Communication used in Interaction with Hamisi

4.4 Cross Case Analysis (Refer to Appendix 10)

4.4.1 People Interacting with Children who are Deafblind

4.4.2 Activities that Children with Deafblindness are involved in

4.4.3 Facilities used by Children who are Deafblind,for Social Interaction

4.4.4 Modes of Communication used in Interaction

Chapter Five Summary,Conclusions and Recommendations

5.0 Introduction

5.1 Summary

5.1.1 Interactive Behaviour of Pupils with Deafblindness

5.1.2 Outdoor Adult-Pupil Interaction

5.1.3 Involvement of Pupils with Deafblindness in Daily Activities within School and Home Context

5.1.4 Facilities used by Children with Deafolindness for Social Interaction.

5.1.5 Preferred Materials and Facilities

5.1.6 Modes of Communication used in the Interactions

5.1.7 Total Communication Approach

5.1.8 Communicative Intents

5.2 Conclusions

5.3 Recommendations

5.4 Suggestions for Further Research

References

Appendix

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摘要

近年来,盲聋学生之间以及与其他人之间交往过程的研究已经被证明能帮助我们更好地理解他们在学校和家庭环境中的日常行为。进而,可以这样理解,社会技能的潜在能力与具体交际中表现出来的执行能力是有差别的。已有充分的文字资料证明,社交知识很大一部分是一个人采用某种模式在与他人的互动、参与活动、使用设备的过程中获得的。
   本研究的目的是收集相关资料并对肯尼亚特殊教育学校和普校特殊班级中的盲聋学生(盲聋双重残疾)的社会交往进行描述。为更好地进行描述本文以以下研究问题为主题行文:
   盲聋儿童交往的对象;盲聋儿童参与的活动;盲聋儿童增强交往所使用的设备;交往使用的模式
   为收集详细信息本文采用定性研究和案例研究设计。以访谈法为主要方法,辅以观察法、文献分析法,并用非正式交谈和手语收集数据。主要研究对象为:两名有残余视力和听力的盲聋儿童,两名教师,两名女宿管。所获得的结果表明,这些盲聋儿章与同类儿童和与周围其他儿童之间和的交往在质上和量上都有很大差异。
   这些结果进一步表明,本研究中的盲聋儿童通过利用可用的设备和材料有效地参与到与同龄人和成人的交往中。当然,本案例中的两个盲聋儿章只是非常特殊的多重残疾群体中的两个个体,不能代表任何其他人。所观察到的功能性的交流似乎表明在盲聋儿童、成人和其他儿章间存在某种社会交往。
   然而,盲聋儿章的这种交往由于其认知、理解、情感和社会条件的不同而因人而异。
   依据本研究的成果和初步收集到的信息,照料者有必要在社会发展和交往的各个水平上采取干预措施。为了找到这些措施,需要一个立即、深入、定性的交往研究从物理环境和社会环境两方面去探讨。同时,对盲聋个体与环境间相互影响的过程也要进行研究。这需要改变以往的旧思想,代以“怎样干预;怎样从交往本身进行干预;怎样使其成为一种立即的有效的交往”(详见本文第五章第六节)。盲聋儿童也应该被赋予在他们的发展与学习过程中做积极参与者的机会。每个盲聋儿章在这个过程中所学到的将取决于他们自己,都是不可预测的。

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